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Ce Colab montre comment utiliser Universal Sentence Encoder-Lite pour la tâche de similarité de phrases. Ce module est très similaire à Sentence Universal Encoder avec la seule différence que vous devez exécuter SentencePiece traitement sur vos phrases d'entrée.
L'encodeur de phrases universel rend l'obtention d'incorporations au niveau de la phrase aussi simple qu'il l'a été historiquement de rechercher les incorporations de mots individuels. Les inclusions de phrases peuvent ensuite être utilisées de manière triviale pour calculer la similarité de sens au niveau de la phrase ainsi que pour permettre de meilleures performances sur les tâches de classification en aval en utilisant moins de données d'entraînement supervisées.
Commencer
Installer
# Install seaborn for pretty visualizationspip3 install --quiet seaborn# Install SentencePiece package# SentencePiece package is needed for Universal Sentence Encoder Lite. We'll# use it for all the text processing and sentence feature ID lookup.pip3 install --quiet sentencepiece
from absl import logging
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf
tf.disable_v2_behavior()
import tensorflow_hub as hub
import sentencepiece as spm
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import os
import pandas as pd
import re
import seaborn as sns
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/compat/v2_compat.py:111: disable_resource_variables (from tensorflow.python.ops.variable_scope) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: non-resource variables are not supported in the long term
Charger le module depuis TF-Hub
module = hub.Module("https://tfhub.dev/google/universal-sentence-encoder-lite/2")
input_placeholder = tf.sparse_placeholder(tf.int64, shape=[None, None])
encodings = module(
inputs=dict(
values=input_placeholder.values,
indices=input_placeholder.indices,
dense_shape=input_placeholder.dense_shape))
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Charger le modèle SentencePiece à partir du module TF-Hub
Le modèle SentencePiece est commodément stocké dans les actifs du module. Il doit être chargé pour initialiser le processeur.
with tf.Session() as sess:
spm_path = sess.run(module(signature="spm_path"))
sp = spm.SentencePieceProcessor()
with tf.io.gfile.GFile(spm_path, mode="rb") as f:
sp.LoadFromSerializedProto(f.read())
print("SentencePiece model loaded at {}.".format(spm_path))
INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore INFO:tensorflow:Saver not created because there are no variables in the graph to restore SentencePiece model loaded at b'/tmp/tfhub_modules/539544f0a997d91c327c23285ea00c37588d92cc/assets/universal_encoder_8k_spm.model'.
def process_to_IDs_in_sparse_format(sp, sentences):
# An utility method that processes sentences with the sentence piece processor
# 'sp' and returns the results in tf.SparseTensor-similar format:
# (values, indices, dense_shape)
ids = [sp.EncodeAsIds(x) for x in sentences]
max_len = max(len(x) for x in ids)
dense_shape=(len(ids), max_len)
values=[item for sublist in ids for item in sublist]
indices=[[row,col] for row in range(len(ids)) for col in range(len(ids[row]))]
return (values, indices, dense_shape)
Testez le module avec quelques exemples
# Compute a representation for each message, showing various lengths supported.
word = "Elephant"
sentence = "I am a sentence for which I would like to get its embedding."
paragraph = (
"Universal Sentence Encoder embeddings also support short paragraphs. "
"There is no hard limit on how long the paragraph is. Roughly, the longer "
"the more 'diluted' the embedding will be.")
messages = [word, sentence, paragraph]
values, indices, dense_shape = process_to_IDs_in_sparse_format(sp, messages)
# Reduce logging output.
logging.set_verbosity(logging.ERROR)
with tf.Session() as session:
session.run([tf.global_variables_initializer(), tf.tables_initializer()])
message_embeddings = session.run(
encodings,
feed_dict={input_placeholder.values: values,
input_placeholder.indices: indices,
input_placeholder.dense_shape: dense_shape})
for i, message_embedding in enumerate(np.array(message_embeddings).tolist()):
print("Message: {}".format(messages[i]))
print("Embedding size: {}".format(len(message_embedding)))
message_embedding_snippet = ", ".join(
(str(x) for x in message_embedding[:3]))
print("Embedding: [{}, ...]\n".format(message_embedding_snippet))
Message: Elephant Embedding size: 512 Embedding: [0.053387489169836044, 0.053194381296634674, -0.052356015890836716, ...] Message: I am a sentence for which I would like to get its embedding. Embedding size: 512 Embedding: [0.03533298149704933, -0.04714975506067276, 0.012305550277233124, ...] Message: Universal Sentence Encoder embeddings also support short paragraphs. There is no hard limit on how long the paragraph is. Roughly, the longer the more 'diluted' the embedding will be. Embedding size: 512 Embedding: [-0.004081667400896549, -0.08954868465662003, 0.03737196698784828, ...]
Exemple de tâche de similarité textuelle sémantique (STS)
Les inclusions produites par l'encodeur de phrases universel sont approximativement normalisées. La similarité sémantique de deux phrases peut être calculée de manière triviale comme le produit interne des codages.
def plot_similarity(labels, features, rotation):
corr = np.inner(features, features)
sns.set(font_scale=1.2)
g = sns.heatmap(
corr,
xticklabels=labels,
yticklabels=labels,
vmin=0,
vmax=1,
cmap="YlOrRd")
g.set_xticklabels(labels, rotation=rotation)
g.set_title("Semantic Textual Similarity")
def run_and_plot(session, input_placeholder, messages):
values, indices, dense_shape = process_to_IDs_in_sparse_format(sp,messages)
message_embeddings = session.run(
encodings,
feed_dict={input_placeholder.values: values,
input_placeholder.indices: indices,
input_placeholder.dense_shape: dense_shape})
plot_similarity(messages, message_embeddings, 90)
Similarité visualisée
Ici, nous montrons la similitude dans une carte thermique. Le graphe final est une matrice 9x9 dans laquelle chaque entrée [i, j] est colorée sur la base du produit intérieur des codages de phrase i et j .
messages = [
# Smartphones
"I like my phone",
"My phone is not good.",
"Your cellphone looks great.",
# Weather
"Will it snow tomorrow?",
"Recently a lot of hurricanes have hit the US",
"Global warming is real",
# Food and health
"An apple a day, keeps the doctors away",
"Eating strawberries is healthy",
"Is paleo better than keto?",
# Asking about age
"How old are you?",
"what is your age?",
]
with tf.Session() as session:
session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
session.run(tf.tables_initializer())
run_and_plot(session, input_placeholder, messages)
Évaluation : Benchmark STS (Semantic Textual Similarity)
L' indice de référence STS fournit une évaluation intristic du degré auquel les scores de similarité calculée en utilisant incorporations phrase aligner sur les jugements humains. Le benchmark exige que les systèmes renvoient des scores de similarité pour une sélection diversifiée de paires de phrases. Corrélation de Pearson est ensuite utilisé pour évaluer la qualité des scores de similarité de la machine contre les jugements humains.
Télécharger les données
import pandas
import scipy
import math
def load_sts_dataset(filename):
# Loads a subset of the STS dataset into a DataFrame. In particular both
# sentences and their human rated similarity score.
sent_pairs = []
with tf.gfile.GFile(filename, "r") as f:
for line in f:
ts = line.strip().split("\t")
# (sent_1, sent_2, similarity_score)
sent_pairs.append((ts[5], ts[6], float(ts[4])))
return pandas.DataFrame(sent_pairs, columns=["sent_1", "sent_2", "sim"])
def download_and_load_sts_data():
sts_dataset = tf.keras.utils.get_file(
fname="Stsbenchmark.tar.gz",
origin="http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/stswiki/images/4/48/Stsbenchmark.tar.gz",
extract=True)
sts_dev = load_sts_dataset(
os.path.join(os.path.dirname(sts_dataset), "stsbenchmark", "sts-dev.csv"))
sts_test = load_sts_dataset(
os.path.join(
os.path.dirname(sts_dataset), "stsbenchmark", "sts-test.csv"))
return sts_dev, sts_test
sts_dev, sts_test = download_and_load_sts_data()
Downloading data from http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/stswiki/images/4/48/Stsbenchmark.tar.gz 417792/409630 [==============================] - 2s 5us/step 425984/409630 [===============================] - 2s 5us/step
Créer un graphique d'évaluation
sts_input1 = tf.sparse_placeholder(tf.int64, shape=(None, None))
sts_input2 = tf.sparse_placeholder(tf.int64, shape=(None, None))
# For evaluation we use exactly normalized rather than
# approximately normalized.
sts_encode1 = tf.nn.l2_normalize(
module(
inputs=dict(values=sts_input1.values,
indices=sts_input1.indices,
dense_shape=sts_input1.dense_shape)),
axis=1)
sts_encode2 = tf.nn.l2_normalize(
module(
inputs=dict(values=sts_input2.values,
indices=sts_input2.indices,
dense_shape=sts_input2.dense_shape)),
axis=1)
sim_scores = -tf.acos(tf.reduce_sum(tf.multiply(sts_encode1, sts_encode2), axis=1))
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Évaluer les plongements de phrases
Choisir l'ensemble de données pour le benchmark
dataset = sts_dev
values1, indices1, dense_shape1 = process_to_IDs_in_sparse_format(sp, dataset['sent_1'].tolist())
values2, indices2, dense_shape2 = process_to_IDs_in_sparse_format(sp, dataset['sent_2'].tolist())
similarity_scores = dataset['sim'].tolist()
def run_sts_benchmark(session):
"""Returns the similarity scores"""
scores = session.run(
sim_scores,
feed_dict={
sts_input1.values: values1,
sts_input1.indices: indices1,
sts_input1.dense_shape: dense_shape1,
sts_input2.values: values2,
sts_input2.indices: indices2,
sts_input2.dense_shape: dense_shape2,
})
return scores
with tf.Session() as session:
session.run(tf.global_variables_initializer())
session.run(tf.tables_initializer())
scores = run_sts_benchmark(session)
pearson_correlation = scipy.stats.pearsonr(scores, similarity_scores)
print('Pearson correlation coefficient = {0}\np-value = {1}'.format(
pearson_correlation[0], pearson_correlation[1]))
Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.7856484874001958 p-value = 1.065794746e-314