tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimator

Class `TPUEstimator`

Inherits From: Estimator

Defined in tensorflow/contrib/tpu/python/tpu/tpu_estimator.py.

Estimator with TPU support.

TPUEstimator also supports training on CPU and GPU. You don't need to define a separate tf.estimator.Estimator.

TPUEstimator handles many of the details of running on TPU devices, such as replicating inputs and models for each core, and returning to host periodically to run hooks.

TPUEstimator transforms a global batch size in params to a per-shard batch size when calling the input_fn and model_fn. Users should specify global batch size in constructor, and then get the batch size for each shard in input_fn and model_fn by params['batch_size'].

For training, model_fn gets per-core batch size; input_fn may get per-core or per-host batch size depending on per_host_input_for_training in TPUConfig (See docstring for TPUConfig for details).
For evaluation and prediction, model_fn gets per-core batch size and input_fn get per-host batch size.

Evaluation

model_fn should return TPUEstimatorSpec, which expects the eval_metrics for TPU evaluation. However, if eval_on_tpu is False, model_fn must return EstimatorSpec and the evaluation will execute on CPU or GPU; in this case the following discussion on TPU evaluation does not apply.

TPUEstimatorSpec.eval_metrics is a tuple of metric_fn and tensors, where tensors could be a list of Tensors or dict of names to Tensors. (See TPUEstimatorSpec for details). metric_fn takes the tensors and returns a dict from metric string name to the result of calling a metric function, namely a (metric_tensor, update_op) tuple.

One can set use_tpu to False for testing. All training, evaluation, and predict will be executed on CPU. input_fn and model_fn will receive train_batch_size or eval_batch_size unmodified as params['batch_size'].

Current limitations:

TPU evaluation only works on a single host (one TPU worker) except BROADCAST mode.
input_fn for evaluation should NOT raise an end-of-input exception (OutOfRangeError or StopIteration). And all evaluation steps and all batches should have the same size.

Example (MNIST):

# The metric Fn which runs on CPU.
def metric_fn(labels, logits):
  predictions = tf.argmax(logits, 1)
  return {
    'accuracy': tf.metrics.precision(
        labels=labels, predictions=predictions),
  }

# Your model Fn which runs on TPU (eval_metrics is list in this example)
def model_fn(features, labels, mode, config, params):
  ...
  logits = ...

  if mode = tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL:
    return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
        mode=mode,
        loss=loss,
        eval_metrics=(metric_fn, [labels, logits]))

# or specify the eval_metrics tensors as dict.
def model_fn(features, labels, mode, config, params):
  ...
  final_layer_output = ...

  if mode = tf.estimator.ModeKeys.EVAL:
    return tpu_estimator.TPUEstimatorSpec(
        mode=mode,
        loss=loss,
        eval_metrics=(metric_fn, {
            'labels': labels,
            'logits': final_layer_output,
        }))

Prediction

Prediction on TPU is an experimental feature to support large batch inference. It is not designed for latency-critical system. In addition, due to some usability issues, for prediction with small dataset, CPU .predict, i.e., creating a new TPUEstimator instance with use_tpu=False, might be more convenient.

Current limitations:

TPU prediction only works on a single host (one TPU worker).
input_fn must return a Dataset instance rather than features. In fact, .train() and .evaluate() also support Dataset as return value.

Example (MNIST):

height = 32
width = 32
total_examples = 100

def predict_input_fn(params):
  batch_size = params['batch_size']

  images = tf.random_uniform(
      [total_examples, height, width, 3], minval=-1, maxval=1)

  dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(images)
  dataset = dataset.map(lambda images: {'image': images})

  dataset = dataset.batch(batch_size)
  return dataset

def model_fn(features, labels, params, mode):
   # Generate predictions, called 'output', from features['image']

  if mode == tf.estimator.ModeKeys.PREDICT:
    return tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimatorSpec(
        mode=mode,
        predictions={
            'predictions': output,
            'is_padding': features['is_padding']
        })

tpu_est = TPUEstimator(
    model_fn=model_fn,
    ...,
    predict_batch_size=16)

# Fully consume the generator so that TPUEstimator can shutdown the TPU
# system.
for item in tpu_est.predict(input_fn=input_fn):
  # Filter out item if the `is_padding` is 1.
  # Process the 'predictions'

Exporting

export_savedmodel exports 2 metagraphs, one with tag_constants.SERVING, and another with tag_constants.SERVING and tag_constants.TPU. At serving time, these tags are used to select metagraph to load.

Before running the graph on TPU, TPU system needs to be initialized. If TensorFlow Serving model-server is used, this is done automatically. If not, please call session.run(tpu.initialize_system()).

tpu.outside_compilation can be used to wrap TPU incompatible ops in model_fn.

Example:

def model_fn(features, labels, mode, config, params):
  ...
  logits = ...
  export_outputs = {
    'logits': export_output_lib.PredictOutput(
      {'logits': logits})
  }

  def host_call(logits):
    class_ids = math_ops.argmax(logits)
    classes = string_ops.as_string(class_ids)
    export_outputs['classes'] =
      export_output_lib.ClassificationOutput(classes=classes)

  tpu.outside_compilation(host_call, logits)

  ...

`init`

__init__(
    model_fn=None,
    model_dir=None,
    config=None,
    params=None,
    use_tpu=True,
    train_batch_size=None,
    eval_batch_size=None,
    predict_batch_size=None,
    batch_axis=None,
    eval_on_tpu=True,
    export_to_tpu=True,
    warm_start_from=None
)

Constructs an TPUEstimator instance.

Args:

model_fn: Model function as required by Estimator which returns EstimatorSpec or TPUEstimatorSpec. training_hooks, 'evaluation_hooks', and prediction_hooks must not capure any TPU Tensor inside the model_fn.
model_dir: Directory to save model parameters, graph and etc. This can also be used to load checkpoints from the directory into a estimator to continue training a previously saved model. If None, the model_dir in config will be used if set. If both are set, they must be same. If both are None, a temporary directory will be used.
config: An tpu_config.RunConfig configuration object. Cannot be None.
params: An optional dict of hyper parameters that will be passed into input_fn and model_fn. Keys are names of parameters, values are basic python types. There are reserved keys for TPUEstimator, including 'batch_size'.
use_tpu: A bool indicating whether TPU support is enabled. Currently,
- TPU training and evaluation respect this bit, but eval_on_tpu can override execution of eval. See below.
- Predict still happens on CPU.
train_batch_size: An int representing the global training batch size. TPUEstimator transforms this global batch size to a per-shard batch size, as params['batch_size'], when calling input_fn and model_fn. Cannot be None if use_tpu is True. Must be divisible by total number of replicas.
eval_batch_size: An int representing evaluation batch size. Must be divisible by total number of replicas.
predict_batch_size: An int representing the prediction batch size. Must be divisible by total number of replicas.
batch_axis: A python tuple of int values describing how each tensor produced by the Estimator input_fn should be split across the TPU compute shards. For example, if your input_fn produced (images, labels) where the images tensor is in HWCN format, your shard dimensions would be [3, 0], where 3 corresponds to the N dimension of your images Tensor, and 0 corresponds to the dimension along which to split the labels to match up with the corresponding images. If None is supplied, and per_host_input_for_training is True, batches will be sharded based on the major dimension. If tpu_config.per_host_input_for_training is False or PER_HOST_V2, batch_axis is ignored.
eval_on_tpu: If False, evaluation runs on CPU or GPU. In this case, the model_fn must return EstimatorSpec when called with mode as EVAL.
export_to_tpu: If True, export_savedmodel() exports a metagraph for serving on TPU besides the one on CPU.
warm_start_from: Optional string filepath to a checkpoint or SavedModel to warm-start from, or a tf.estimator.WarmStartSettings object to fully configure warm-starting. If the string filepath is provided instead of a WarmStartSettings, then all variables are warm-started, and it is assumed that vocabularies and Tensor names are unchanged.

Raises:

ValueError: params has reserved keys already.

Properties

`config`

`model_dir`

`model_fn`

Returns the model_fn which is bound to self.params.

Returns:

The model_fn with following signature: def model_fn(features, labels, mode, config)

`params`

Methods

`eval_dir`

eval_dir(name=None)

Shows the directory name where evaluation metrics are dumped.

Args:

name: Name of the evaluation if user needs to run multiple evaluations on different data sets, such as on training data vs test data. Metrics for different evaluations are saved in separate folders, and appear separately in tensorboard.

Returns:

A string which is the path of directory contains evaluation metrics.

`evaluate`

evaluate(
    input_fn,
    steps=None,
    hooks=None,
    checkpoint_path=None,
    name=None
)

`export_saved_model`

export_saved_model(
    export_dir_base,
    serving_input_receiver_fn,
    assets_extra=None,
    as_text=False,
    checkpoint_path=None
)

Exports inference graph as a SavedModel into the given dir.

For a detailed guide, see Using SavedModel with Estimators.

This method builds a new graph by first calling the serving_input_receiver_fn to obtain feature Tensors, and then calling this Estimator's model_fn to generate the model graph based on those features. It restores the given checkpoint (or, lacking that, the most recent checkpoint) into this graph in a fresh session. Finally it creates a timestamped export directory below the given export_dir_base, and writes a SavedModel into it containing a single tf.MetaGraphDef saved from this session.

The exported MetaGraphDef will provide one SignatureDef for each element of the export_outputs dict returned from the model_fn, named using the same keys. One of these keys is always tf.saved_model.signature_constants.DEFAULT_SERVING_SIGNATURE_DEF_KEY, indicating which signature will be served when a serving request does not specify one. For each signature, the outputs are provided by the corresponding tf.estimator.export.ExportOutputs, and the inputs are always the input receivers provided by the serving_input_receiver_fn.

Extra assets may be written into the SavedModel via the assets_extra argument. This should be a dict, where each key gives a destination path (including the filename) relative to the assets.extra directory. The corresponding value gives the full path of the source file to be copied. For example, the simple case of copying a single file without renaming it is specified as {'my_asset_file.txt': '/path/to/my_asset_file.txt'}.

Args:

export_dir_base: A string containing a directory in which to create timestamped subdirectories containing exported SavedModels.
serving_input_receiver_fn: A function that takes no argument and returns a tf.estimator.export.ServingInputReceiver or tf.estimator.export.TensorServingInputReceiver.
assets_extra: A dict specifying how to populate the assets.extra directory within the exported SavedModel, or None if no extra assets are needed.
as_text: whether to write the SavedModel proto in text format.
checkpoint_path: The checkpoint path to export. If None (the default), the most recent checkpoint found within the model directory is chosen.

Returns:

The string path to the exported directory.

Raises:

ValueError: if no serving_input_receiver_fn is provided, no export_outputs are provided, or no checkpoint can be found.

`export_savedmodel`

export_savedmodel(
    export_dir_base,
    serving_input_receiver_fn,
    assets_extra=None,
    as_text=False,
    checkpoint_path=None,
    strip_default_attrs=False
)

Exports inference graph as a SavedModel into the given dir.

Note that export_to_savedmodel will be renamed to export_to_saved_model in TensorFlow 2.0. At that time, export_to_savedmodel without the additional underscore will be available only through tf.compat.v1.

Please see tf.estimator.Estimator.export_saved_model for more information.

There is one additional arg versus the new method: strip_default_attrs: This parameter is going away in TF 2.0, and the new behavior will automatically strip all default attributes. Boolean. If True, default-valued attributes will be removed from the NodeDefs. For a detailed guide, see Stripping Default-Valued Attributes.

`get_variable_names`

get_variable_names()

Returns list of all variable names in this model.

Returns:

List of names.

Raises:

ValueError: If the Estimator has not produced a checkpoint yet.

`get_variable_value`

get_variable_value(name)

Returns value of the variable given by name.

Args:

name: string or a list of string, name of the tensor.

Returns:

Numpy array - value of the tensor.

Raises:

ValueError: If the Estimator has not produced a checkpoint yet.

`latest_checkpoint`

latest_checkpoint()

Finds the filename of the latest saved checkpoint file in model_dir.

Returns:

The full path to the latest checkpoint or None if no checkpoint was found.

`predict`

predict(
    input_fn,
    predict_keys=None,
    hooks=None,
    checkpoint_path=None,
    yield_single_examples=True
)

`train`

train(
    input_fn,
    hooks=None,
    steps=None,
    max_steps=None,
    saving_listeners=None
)

tf.contrib.tpu.TPUEstimator

Class TPUEstimator

Evaluation

Current limitations:

Example (MNIST):

Prediction

Current limitations:

Example (MNIST):

Exporting

Example:

__init__

Args:

Raises:

Properties

config

model_dir

model_fn

Returns:

params

Methods

eval_dir

Args:

Returns:

evaluate

export_saved_model

Args:

Returns:

Raises:

export_savedmodel

get_variable_names

Returns:

Raises:

get_variable_value

Args:

Returns:

Raises:

latest_checkpoint

Returns:

predict

train

Class `TPUEstimator`

`init`

`config`

`model_dir`

`model_fn`

`params`

`eval_dir`

`evaluate`

`export_saved_model`

`export_savedmodel`

`get_variable_names`

`get_variable_value`

`latest_checkpoint`

`predict`

`train`