tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout

Computes dropout: randomly sets elements to zero to prevent overfitting.

tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(
    x, rate, seed, rng_alg=None, noise_shape=None, name=None
)

Dropout is useful for regularizing DNN models. Inputs elements are randomly set to zero (and the other elements are rescaled). This encourages each node to be independently useful, as it cannot rely on the output of other nodes.

More precisely: With probability rate elements of x are set to 0. The remaining elements are scaled up by 1.0 / (1 - rate), so that the expected value is preserved.

x = tf.ones([3,5])
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.5, seed=[1, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[2., 0., 2., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 2., 0., 2.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 2.]], dtype=float32)>

x = tf.ones([3,5])
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=[1, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[5., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.]], dtype=float32)>

tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.0, seed=[1, 0]) == x
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=bool, numpy=
array([[ True,  True,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True,  True,  True],
       [ True,  True,  True,  True,  True]])>

This function is a stateless version of tf.nn.dropout, in the sense that no matter how many times you call this function, the same seed will lead to the same results, and different seed will lead to different results.

x = tf.ones([3,5])
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=[1, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[5., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=[1, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[5., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 5.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=[2, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[5., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 5., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=[2, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[5., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 5., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)>

Compare the above results to those of tf.nn.dropout below. The second time tf.nn.dropout is called with the same seed, it will give a different output.

tf.random.set_seed(0)
x = tf.ones([3,5])
tf.nn.dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[0., 0., 0., 5., 5.],
       [0., 5., 0., 5., 0.],
       [5., 0., 5., 0., 5.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=1)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 5., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=2)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [0., 5., 0., 5., 0.],
       [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]], dtype=float32)>
tf.nn.dropout(x, rate=0.8, seed=2)
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 5), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],
       [5., 0., 5., 0., 5.],
       [0., 5., 0., 0., 5.]], dtype=float32)>

The difference between this function and tf.nn.dropout is analogous to the difference between tf.random.stateless_uniform and tf.random.uniform. Please see Random number generation guide for a detailed description of the various RNG systems in TF. As the guide states, legacy stateful RNG ops like tf.random.uniform and tf.nn.dropout are not deprecated yet but highly discouraged, because their states are hard to control.

By default, each element is kept or dropped independently. If noise_shape is specified, it must be broadcastable to the shape of x, and only dimensions with noise_shape[i] == shape(x)[i] will make independent decisions. This is useful for dropping whole channels from an image or sequence. For example:

x = tf.ones([3,10])
tf.nn.experimental.stateless_dropout(x, rate=2/3, noise_shape=[1,10],
                                     seed=[1, 0])
<tf.Tensor: shape=(3, 10), dtype=float32, numpy=
array([[3., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 3., 0., 3.],
       [3., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 3., 0., 3.],
       [3., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 3., 0., 3.]], dtype=float32)>

x A floating point tensor.
rate A scalar Tensor with the same type as x. The probability that each element is dropped. For example, setting rate=0.1 would drop 10% of input elements.
seed An integer tensor of shape [2]. The seed of the random numbers.
rng_alg The algorithm used to generate the random numbers (default to "auto_select"). See the alg argument of tf.random.stateless_uniform for the supported values.
noise_shape A 1-D integer Tensor, representing the shape for randomly generated keep/drop flags.
name A name for this operation.

A Tensor of the same shape and dtype of x.

ValueError If rate is not in [0, 1) or if x is not a floating point tensor. rate=1 is disallowed, because the output would be all zeros, which is likely not what was intended.