Adão

public class Adam<Model: Differentiable>: Optimizer
where
  Model.TangentVector: VectorProtocol & PointwiseMultiplicative
    & ElementaryFunctions & KeyPathIterable,
  Model.TangentVector.VectorSpaceScalar == Float

Otimizador Adam.

Implementa o algoritmo de otimização Adam. Adam é um método estocástico de descida de gradiente que calcula taxas de aprendizagem adaptativa individuais para diferentes parâmetros a partir de estimativas de momentos de primeira e segunda ordem dos gradientes.

Referência: “Adam: Um Método para Otimização Estocástica” (Kingma e Ba, 2014).

Exemplos:

• Treine um agente simples de aprendizagem por reforço:

...
// Instantiate an agent's policy - approximated by the neural network (`net`) after defining it 
in advance.
var net = Net(observationSize: Int(observationSize), hiddenSize: hiddenSize, actionCount: actionCount)
// Define the Adam optimizer for the network with a learning rate set to 0.01.
let optimizer = Adam(for: net, learningRate: 0.01)
...
// Begin training the agent (over a certain number of episodes).
while true {
...
    // Implementing the gradient descent with the Adam optimizer:
    // Define the gradients (use withLearningPhase to call a closure under a learning phase).
    let gradients = withLearningPhase(.training) {
        TensorFlow.gradient(at: net) { net -> Tensor<Float> in
            // Return a softmax (loss) function
            return loss = softmaxCrossEntropy(logits: net(input), probabilities: target)
        }
    }
    // Update the differentiable variables of the network (`net`) along the gradients with the Adam 
optimizer.
    optimizer.update(&net, along: gradients)
    ...
    }
}

• Treine uma rede adversária generativa (GAN):

...
// Instantiate the generator and the discriminator networks after defining them.
var generator = Generator()
var discriminator = Discriminator()
// Define the Adam optimizers for each network with a learning rate set to 2e-4 and beta1 - to 0.5.
let adamOptimizerG = Adam(for: generator, learningRate: 2e-4, beta1: 0.5)
let adamOptimizerD = Adam(for: discriminator, learningRate: 2e-4, beta1: 0.5)
...
Start the training loop over a certain number of epochs (`epochCount`).
for epoch in 1...epochCount {
    // Start the training phase.
    ...
    for batch in trainingShuffled.batched(batchSize) {
        // Implementing the gradient descent with the Adam optimizer:
        // 1) Update the generator.
        ...
        let 𝛁generator = TensorFlow.gradient(at: generator) { generator -> Tensor<Float> in
            ...
            return loss
            }
        // Update the differentiable variables of the generator along the gradients (`𝛁generator`) 
        // with the Adam optimizer.
        adamOptimizerG.update(&generator, along: 𝛁generator)

        // 2) Update the discriminator.
        ...
        let 𝛁discriminator = TensorFlow.gradient(at: discriminator) { discriminator -> Tensor<Float> in
            ...
            return loss
        }
        // Update the differentiable variables of the discriminator along the gradients (`𝛁discriminator`) 
        // with the Adam optimizer.
        adamOptimizerD.update(&discriminator, along: 𝛁discriminator)
        }
}