Action Recognition with an Inflated 3D CNN

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This Colab demonstrates recognizing actions in video data using the tfhub.dev/deepmind/i3d-kinetics-400/1 module. More models to detect actions in videos can be found here.

The underlying model is described in the paper "Quo Vadis, Action Recognition? A New Model and the Kinetics Dataset" by Joao Carreira and Andrew Zisserman. The paper was posted on arXiv in May 2017, and was published as a CVPR 2017 conference paper. The source code is publicly available on github.

"Quo Vadis" introduced a new architecture for video classification, the Inflated 3D Convnet or I3D. This architecture achieved state-of-the-art results on the UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets from fine-tuning these models. I3D models pre-trained on Kinetics also placed first in the CVPR 2017 Charades challenge.

The original module was trained on the kinetics-400 dateset and knows about 400 different actions. Labels for these actions can be found in the label map file.

In this Colab we will use it recognize activities in videos from a UCF101 dataset.

Setup

pip install -q imageio
pip install -q opencv-python
pip install -q git+https://github.com/tensorflow/docs

Import the necessary modules

Helper functions for the UCF101 dataset

Get the kinetics-400 labels

Found 400 labels.

Using the UCF101 dataset

# Get the list of videos in the dataset.
ucf_videos = list_ucf_videos()

categories = {}
for video in ucf_videos:
  category = video[2:-12]
  if category not in categories:
    categories[category] = []
  categories[category].append(video)
print("Found %d videos in %d categories." % (len(ucf_videos), len(categories)))

for category, sequences in categories.items():
  summary = ", ".join(sequences[:2])
  print("%-20s %4d videos (%s, ...)" % (category, len(sequences), summary))
Found 13320 videos in 101 categories.
ApplyEyeMakeup        145 videos (v_ApplyEyeMakeup_g01_c01.avi, v_ApplyEyeMakeup_g01_c02.avi, ...)
ApplyLipstick         114 videos (v_ApplyLipstick_g01_c01.avi, v_ApplyLipstick_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Archery               145 videos (v_Archery_g01_c01.avi, v_Archery_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BabyCrawling          132 videos (v_BabyCrawling_g01_c01.avi, v_BabyCrawling_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BalanceBeam           108 videos (v_BalanceBeam_g01_c01.avi, v_BalanceBeam_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BandMarching          155 videos (v_BandMarching_g01_c01.avi, v_BandMarching_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BaseballPitch         150 videos (v_BaseballPitch_g01_c01.avi, v_BaseballPitch_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BasketballDunk        131 videos (v_BasketballDunk_g01_c01.avi, v_BasketballDunk_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Basketball            134 videos (v_Basketball_g01_c01.avi, v_Basketball_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BenchPress            160 videos (v_BenchPress_g01_c01.avi, v_BenchPress_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Biking                134 videos (v_Biking_g01_c01.avi, v_Biking_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Billiards             150 videos (v_Billiards_g01_c01.avi, v_Billiards_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BlowDryHair           131 videos (v_BlowDryHair_g01_c01.avi, v_BlowDryHair_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BlowingCandles        109 videos (v_BlowingCandles_g01_c01.avi, v_BlowingCandles_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BodyWeightSquats      112 videos (v_BodyWeightSquats_g01_c01.avi, v_BodyWeightSquats_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Bowling               155 videos (v_Bowling_g01_c01.avi, v_Bowling_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BoxingPunchingBag     163 videos (v_BoxingPunchingBag_g01_c01.avi, v_BoxingPunchingBag_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BoxingSpeedBag        134 videos (v_BoxingSpeedBag_g01_c01.avi, v_BoxingSpeedBag_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BreastStroke          101 videos (v_BreastStroke_g01_c01.avi, v_BreastStroke_g01_c02.avi, ...)
BrushingTeeth         131 videos (v_BrushingTeeth_g01_c01.avi, v_BrushingTeeth_g01_c02.avi, ...)
CleanAndJerk          112 videos (v_CleanAndJerk_g01_c01.avi, v_CleanAndJerk_g01_c02.avi, ...)
CliffDiving           138 videos (v_CliffDiving_g01_c01.avi, v_CliffDiving_g01_c02.avi, ...)
CricketBowling        139 videos (v_CricketBowling_g01_c01.avi, v_CricketBowling_g01_c02.avi, ...)
CricketShot           167 videos (v_CricketShot_g01_c01.avi, v_CricketShot_g01_c02.avi, ...)
CuttingInKitchen      110 videos (v_CuttingInKitchen_g01_c01.avi, v_CuttingInKitchen_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Diving                150 videos (v_Diving_g01_c01.avi, v_Diving_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Drumming              161 videos (v_Drumming_g01_c01.avi, v_Drumming_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Fencing               111 videos (v_Fencing_g01_c01.avi, v_Fencing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
FieldHockeyPenalty    126 videos (v_FieldHockeyPenalty_g01_c01.avi, v_FieldHockeyPenalty_g01_c02.avi, ...)
FloorGymnastics       125 videos (v_FloorGymnastics_g01_c01.avi, v_FloorGymnastics_g01_c02.avi, ...)
FrisbeeCatch          126 videos (v_FrisbeeCatch_g01_c01.avi, v_FrisbeeCatch_g01_c02.avi, ...)
FrontCrawl            137 videos (v_FrontCrawl_g01_c01.avi, v_FrontCrawl_g01_c02.avi, ...)
GolfSwing             139 videos (v_GolfSwing_g01_c01.avi, v_GolfSwing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Haircut               130 videos (v_Haircut_g01_c01.avi, v_Haircut_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HammerThrow           150 videos (v_HammerThrow_g01_c01.avi, v_HammerThrow_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Hammering             140 videos (v_Hammering_g01_c01.avi, v_Hammering_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HandstandPushups      128 videos (v_HandstandPushups_g01_c01.avi, v_HandstandPushups_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HandstandWalking      111 videos (v_HandstandWalking_g01_c01.avi, v_HandstandWalking_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HeadMassage           147 videos (v_HeadMassage_g01_c01.avi, v_HeadMassage_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HighJump              123 videos (v_HighJump_g01_c01.avi, v_HighJump_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HorseRace             124 videos (v_HorseRace_g01_c01.avi, v_HorseRace_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HorseRiding           164 videos (v_HorseRiding_g01_c01.avi, v_HorseRiding_g01_c02.avi, ...)
HulaHoop              125 videos (v_HulaHoop_g01_c01.avi, v_HulaHoop_g01_c02.avi, ...)
IceDancing            158 videos (v_IceDancing_g01_c01.avi, v_IceDancing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
JavelinThrow          117 videos (v_JavelinThrow_g01_c01.avi, v_JavelinThrow_g01_c02.avi, ...)
JugglingBalls         121 videos (v_JugglingBalls_g01_c01.avi, v_JugglingBalls_g01_c02.avi, ...)
JumpRope              144 videos (v_JumpRope_g01_c01.avi, v_JumpRope_g01_c02.avi, ...)
JumpingJack           123 videos (v_JumpingJack_g01_c01.avi, v_JumpingJack_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Kayaking              141 videos (v_Kayaking_g01_c01.avi, v_Kayaking_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Knitting              123 videos (v_Knitting_g01_c01.avi, v_Knitting_g01_c02.avi, ...)
LongJump              131 videos (v_LongJump_g01_c01.avi, v_LongJump_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Lunges                127 videos (v_Lunges_g01_c01.avi, v_Lunges_g01_c02.avi, ...)
MilitaryParade        125 videos (v_MilitaryParade_g01_c01.avi, v_MilitaryParade_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Mixing                136 videos (v_Mixing_g01_c01.avi, v_Mixing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
MoppingFloor          110 videos (v_MoppingFloor_g01_c01.avi, v_MoppingFloor_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Nunchucks             132 videos (v_Nunchucks_g01_c01.avi, v_Nunchucks_g01_c02.avi, ...)
ParallelBars          114 videos (v_ParallelBars_g01_c01.avi, v_ParallelBars_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PizzaTossing          113 videos (v_PizzaTossing_g01_c01.avi, v_PizzaTossing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingCello          164 videos (v_PlayingCello_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingCello_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingDaf            151 videos (v_PlayingDaf_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingDaf_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingDhol           164 videos (v_PlayingDhol_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingDhol_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingFlute          155 videos (v_PlayingFlute_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingFlute_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingGuitar         160 videos (v_PlayingGuitar_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingGuitar_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingPiano          105 videos (v_PlayingPiano_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingPiano_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingSitar          157 videos (v_PlayingSitar_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingSitar_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingTabla          111 videos (v_PlayingTabla_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingTabla_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PlayingViolin         100 videos (v_PlayingViolin_g01_c01.avi, v_PlayingViolin_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PoleVault             149 videos (v_PoleVault_g01_c01.avi, v_PoleVault_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PommelHorse           123 videos (v_PommelHorse_g01_c01.avi, v_PommelHorse_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PullUps               100 videos (v_PullUps_g01_c01.avi, v_PullUps_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Punch                 160 videos (v_Punch_g01_c01.avi, v_Punch_g01_c02.avi, ...)
PushUps               102 videos (v_PushUps_g01_c01.avi, v_PushUps_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Rafting               111 videos (v_Rafting_g01_c01.avi, v_Rafting_g01_c02.avi, ...)
RockClimbingIndoor    144 videos (v_RockClimbingIndoor_g01_c01.avi, v_RockClimbingIndoor_g01_c02.avi, ...)
RopeClimbing          119 videos (v_RopeClimbing_g01_c01.avi, v_RopeClimbing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Rowing                137 videos (v_Rowing_g01_c01.avi, v_Rowing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SalsaSpin             133 videos (v_SalsaSpin_g01_c01.avi, v_SalsaSpin_g01_c02.avi, ...)
ShavingBeard          161 videos (v_ShavingBeard_g01_c01.avi, v_ShavingBeard_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Shotput               144 videos (v_Shotput_g01_c01.avi, v_Shotput_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SkateBoarding         120 videos (v_SkateBoarding_g01_c01.avi, v_SkateBoarding_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Skiing                135 videos (v_Skiing_g01_c01.avi, v_Skiing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Skijet                100 videos (v_Skijet_g01_c01.avi, v_Skijet_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SkyDiving             110 videos (v_SkyDiving_g01_c01.avi, v_SkyDiving_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SoccerJuggling        147 videos (v_SoccerJuggling_g01_c01.avi, v_SoccerJuggling_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SoccerPenalty         137 videos (v_SoccerPenalty_g01_c01.avi, v_SoccerPenalty_g01_c02.avi, ...)
StillRings            112 videos (v_StillRings_g01_c01.avi, v_StillRings_g01_c02.avi, ...)
SumoWrestling         116 videos (v_SumoWrestling_g01_c01.avi, v_SumoWrestling_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Surfing               126 videos (v_Surfing_g01_c01.avi, v_Surfing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Swing                 131 videos (v_Swing_g01_c01.avi, v_Swing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
TableTennisShot       140 videos (v_TableTennisShot_g01_c01.avi, v_TableTennisShot_g01_c02.avi, ...)
TaiChi                100 videos (v_TaiChi_g01_c01.avi, v_TaiChi_g01_c02.avi, ...)
TennisSwing           166 videos (v_TennisSwing_g01_c01.avi, v_TennisSwing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
ThrowDiscus           130 videos (v_ThrowDiscus_g01_c01.avi, v_ThrowDiscus_g01_c02.avi, ...)
TrampolineJumping     119 videos (v_TrampolineJumping_g01_c01.avi, v_TrampolineJumping_g01_c02.avi, ...)
Typing                136 videos (v_Typing_g01_c01.avi, v_Typing_g01_c02.avi, ...)
UnevenBars            104 videos (v_UnevenBars_g01_c01.avi, v_UnevenBars_g01_c02.avi, ...)
VolleyballSpiking     116 videos (v_VolleyballSpiking_g01_c01.avi, v_VolleyballSpiking_g01_c02.avi, ...)
WalkingWithDog        123 videos (v_WalkingWithDog_g01_c01.avi, v_WalkingWithDog_g01_c02.avi, ...)
WallPushups           130 videos (v_WallPushups_g01_c01.avi, v_WallPushups_g01_c02.avi, ...)
WritingOnBoard        152 videos (v_WritingOnBoard_g01_c01.avi, v_WritingOnBoard_g01_c02.avi, ...)
YoYo                  128 videos (v_YoYo_g01_c01.avi, v_YoYo_g01_c02.avi, ...)
# Get a sample cricket video.
video_path = fetch_ucf_video("v_CricketShot_g04_c02.avi")
sample_video = load_video(video_path)
Fetching https://www.crcv.ucf.edu/THUMOS14/UCF101/UCF101/v_CricketShot_g04_c02.avi => /tmpfs/tmp/tmpmfdu65l5/v_CricketShot_g04_c02.avi
sample_video.shape
(116, 224, 224, 3)
i3d = hub.load("https://tfhub.dev/deepmind/i3d-kinetics-400/1").signatures['default']
2024-03-09 14:56:58.199382: E external/local_xla/xla/stream_executor/cuda/cuda_driver.cc:282] failed call to cuInit: CUDA_ERROR_NO_DEVICE: no CUDA-capable device is detected

Run the id3 model and print the top-5 action predictions.

def predict(sample_video):
  # Add a batch axis to the sample video.
  model_input = tf.constant(sample_video, dtype=tf.float32)[tf.newaxis, ...]

  logits = i3d(model_input)['default'][0]
  probabilities = tf.nn.softmax(logits)

  print("Top 5 actions:")
  for i in np.argsort(probabilities)[::-1][:5]:
    print(f"  {labels[i]:22}: {probabilities[i] * 100:5.2f}%")
predict(sample_video)
Top 5 actions:
  playing cricket       : 97.77%
  skateboarding         :  0.71%
  robot dancing         :  0.56%
  roller skating        :  0.56%
  golf putting          :  0.13%

Now try a new video, from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Videos_of_sports

How about this video by Patrick Gillett:

curl -O https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/End_of_a_jam.ogv
% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100 55.0M  100 55.0M    0     0  26.7M      0  0:00:02  0:00:02 --:--:-- 26.7M
video_path = "End_of_a_jam.ogv"
sample_video = load_video(video_path)[:100]
sample_video.shape
(100, 224, 224, 3)
to_gif(sample_video)

gif

predict(sample_video)
Top 5 actions:
  roller skating        : 96.85%
  playing volleyball    :  1.63%
  skateboarding         :  0.21%
  playing ice hockey    :  0.20%
  playing basketball    :  0.16%