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Descripción general
Este tutorial se centra en preparar tf.data.Dataset s mediante la lectura de datos de colecciones MongoDB y su uso para la formación de un tf.keras modelo.
Paquetes de instalación
Este tutorial usos pymongo como un paquete de ayuda para crear una nueva base de datos MongoDB y recogida para almacenar los datos.
Instale los paquetes necesarios de tensorflow-io y mongodb (helper)
pip install -q tensorflow-iopip install -q pymongo
Importar paquetes
import os
import time
from pprint import pprint
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from tensorflow.keras import layers
from tensorflow.keras.layers.experimental import preprocessing
import tensorflow_io as tfio
from pymongo import MongoClient
Validar importaciones de tf y tfio
print("tensorflow-io version: {}".format(tfio.__version__))
print("tensorflow version: {}".format(tf.__version__))
tensorflow-io version: 0.20.0 tensorflow version: 2.6.0
Descargue y configure la instancia de MongoDB
Para fines de demostración, se utiliza la versión de código abierto de mongodb.
sudo apt install -y mongodb >logservice mongodb start
* Starting database mongodb ...done. WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts. debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Dialog debconf: (No usable dialog-like program is installed, so the dialog based frontend cannot be used. at /usr/share/perl5/Debconf/FrontEnd/Dialog.pm line 76, <> line 8.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Readline debconf: unable to initialize frontend: Readline debconf: (This frontend requires a controlling tty.) debconf: falling back to frontend: Teletype dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin:
# Sleep for few seconds to let the instance start.
time.sleep(5)
Una vez que se ha iniciado la instancia, grep para mongo en los procesos lista para confirmar la disponibilidad.
ps -ef | grep mongo
mongodb 580 1 13 17:38 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/mongod --config /etc/mongodb.conf root 612 610 0 17:38 ? 00:00:00 grep mongo
consultar el punto final base para recuperar información sobre el clúster.
client = MongoClient()
client.list_database_names() # ['admin', 'local']
['admin', 'local']
Explore el conjunto de datos
Para el propósito de este tutorial, permite descargar el Petfinder conjunto de datos y alimentar los datos en MongoDB manualmente. El objetivo de este problema de clasificación es predecir si la mascota será adoptada o no.
dataset_url = 'http://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/petfinder-mini.zip'
csv_file = 'datasets/petfinder-mini/petfinder-mini.csv'
tf.keras.utils.get_file('petfinder_mini.zip', dataset_url,
extract=True, cache_dir='.')
pf_df = pd.read_csv(csv_file)
Downloading data from http://storage.googleapis.com/download.tensorflow.org/data/petfinder-mini.zip 1671168/1668792 [==============================] - 0s 0us/step 1679360/1668792 [==============================] - 0s 0us/step
pf_df.head()
A los efectos del tutorial, se realizan modificaciones en la columna de la etiqueta. 0 indicará que la mascota no fue adoptada y 1 indicará que sí.
# In the original dataset "4" indicates the pet was not adopted.
pf_df['target'] = np.where(pf_df['AdoptionSpeed']==4, 0, 1)
# Drop un-used columns.
pf_df = pf_df.drop(columns=['AdoptionSpeed', 'Description'])
# Number of datapoints and columns
len(pf_df), len(pf_df.columns)
(11537, 14)
Dividir el conjunto de datos
train_df, test_df = train_test_split(pf_df, test_size=0.3, shuffle=True)
print("Number of training samples: ",len(train_df))
print("Number of testing sample: ",len(test_df))
Number of training samples: 8075 Number of testing sample: 3462
Almacene el tren y los datos de prueba en colecciones de mongo
URI = "mongodb://localhost:27017"
DATABASE = "tfiodb"
TRAIN_COLLECTION = "train"
TEST_COLLECTION = "test"
db = client[DATABASE]
if "train" not in db.list_collection_names():
db.create_collection(TRAIN_COLLECTION)
if "test" not in db.list_collection_names():
db.create_collection(TEST_COLLECTION)
def store_records(collection, records):
writer = tfio.experimental.mongodb.MongoDBWriter(
uri=URI, database=DATABASE, collection=collection
)
for record in records:
writer.write(record)
store_records(collection="train", records=train_df.to_dict("records"))
time.sleep(2)
store_records(collection="test", records=test_df.to_dict("records"))
Preparar conjuntos de datos de tfio
Una vez que los datos están disponibles en el clúster, el mongodb.MongoDBIODataset clase se utiliza para este propósito. Los hereda de la clase de tf.data.Dataset y por lo tanto expone todas las funcionalidades útiles de tf.data.Dataset fuera de la caja.
Conjunto de datos de entrenamiento
train_ds = tfio.experimental.mongodb.MongoDBIODataset(
uri=URI, database=DATABASE, collection=TRAIN_COLLECTION
)
train_ds
Connection successful: mongodb://localhost:27017 WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow/python/data/experimental/ops/counter.py:66: scan (from tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops.scan_ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use `tf.data.Dataset.scan(...) instead WARNING:tensorflow:From /usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/tensorflow_io/python/experimental/mongodb_dataset_ops.py:114: take_while (from tensorflow.python.data.experimental.ops.take_while_ops) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Instructions for updating: Use `tf.data.Dataset.take_while(...) <MongoDBIODataset shapes: (), types: tf.string>
Cada elemento de train_ds es una cadena que debe ser decodificado en un JSON. Para ello, puede seleccionar sólo un subconjunto de las columnas especificando el TensorSpec
# Numeric features.
numerical_cols = ['PhotoAmt', 'Fee']
SPECS = {
"target": tf.TensorSpec(tf.TensorShape([]), tf.int64, name="target"),
}
for col in numerical_cols:
SPECS[col] = tf.TensorSpec(tf.TensorShape([]), tf.int32, name=col)
pprint(SPECS)
{'Fee': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.int32, name='Fee'),
'PhotoAmt': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.int32, name='PhotoAmt'),
'target': TensorSpec(shape=(), dtype=tf.int64, name='target')}
BATCH_SIZE=32
train_ds = train_ds.map(
lambda x: tfio.experimental.serialization.decode_json(x, specs=SPECS)
)
# Prepare a tuple of (features, label)
train_ds = train_ds.map(lambda v: (v, v.pop("target")))
train_ds = train_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
train_ds
<BatchDataset shapes: ({PhotoAmt: (None,), Fee: (None,)}, (None,)), types: ({PhotoAmt: tf.int32, Fee: tf.int32}, tf.int64)>
Prueba de conjunto de datos
test_ds = tfio.experimental.mongodb.MongoDBIODataset(
uri=URI, database=DATABASE, collection=TEST_COLLECTION
)
test_ds = test_ds.map(
lambda x: tfio.experimental.serialization.decode_json(x, specs=SPECS)
)
# Prepare a tuple of (features, label)
test_ds = test_ds.map(lambda v: (v, v.pop("target")))
test_ds = test_ds.batch(BATCH_SIZE)
test_ds
Connection successful: mongodb://localhost:27017
<BatchDataset shapes: ({PhotoAmt: (None,), Fee: (None,)}, (None,)), types: ({PhotoAmt: tf.int32, Fee: tf.int32}, tf.int64)>
Definir las capas de preprocesamiento de keras
Según el tutorial de datos estructurados , se recomienda utilizar las capas Keras de preprocesamiento , ya que son más intuitivo, y se puede integrar fácilmente con los modelos. Sin embargo, los estándares feature_columns también se puede utilizar.
Para una mejor comprensión de las preprocessing_layers en la clasificación de datos estructurados, consulte el tutorial de datos estructurados
def get_normalization_layer(name, dataset):
# Create a Normalization layer for our feature.
normalizer = preprocessing.Normalization(axis=None)
# Prepare a Dataset that only yields our feature.
feature_ds = dataset.map(lambda x, y: x[name])
# Learn the statistics of the data.
normalizer.adapt(feature_ds)
return normalizer
all_inputs = []
encoded_features = []
for header in numerical_cols:
numeric_col = tf.keras.Input(shape=(1,), name=header)
normalization_layer = get_normalization_layer(header, train_ds)
encoded_numeric_col = normalization_layer(numeric_col)
all_inputs.append(numeric_col)
encoded_features.append(encoded_numeric_col)
Construya, compile y entrene el modelo
# Set the parameters
OPTIMIZER="adam"
LOSS=tf.keras.losses.BinaryCrossentropy(from_logits=True)
METRICS=['accuracy']
EPOCHS=10
# Convert the feature columns into a tf.keras layer
all_features = tf.keras.layers.concatenate(encoded_features)
# design/build the model
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(32, activation="relu")(all_features)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dense(64, activation="relu")(x)
x = tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.5)(x)
output = tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)(x)
model = tf.keras.Model(all_inputs, output)
# compile the model
model.compile(optimizer=OPTIMIZER, loss=LOSS, metrics=METRICS)
# fit the model
model.fit(train_ds, epochs=EPOCHS)
Epoch 1/10 109/109 [==============================] - 1s 2ms/step - loss: 0.6261 - accuracy: 0.4711 Epoch 2/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5939 - accuracy: 0.6967 Epoch 3/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5900 - accuracy: 0.6993 Epoch 4/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5846 - accuracy: 0.7146 Epoch 5/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5824 - accuracy: 0.7178 Epoch 6/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.5778 - accuracy: 0.7233 Epoch 7/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5810 - accuracy: 0.7083 Epoch 8/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5791 - accuracy: 0.7149 Epoch 9/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 3ms/step - loss: 0.5742 - accuracy: 0.7207 Epoch 10/10 109/109 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.5797 - accuracy: 0.7083 <keras.callbacks.History at 0x7f743229fe90>
Inferir sobre los datos de la prueba
res = model.evaluate(test_ds)
print("test loss, test acc:", res)
109/109 [==============================] - 0s 2ms/step - loss: 0.5696 - accuracy: 0.7383 test loss, test acc: [0.569588840007782, 0.7383015751838684]