Migrar SessionRunHook para retornos de chamada Keras

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No TensorFlow 1, para personalizar o comportamento do treinamento, você usa tf.estimator.SessionRunHook com tf.estimator.Estimator . Este guia demonstra como migrar do SessionRunHook para os retornos de chamada personalizados do TensorFlow 2 com a API tf.keras.callbacks.Callback , que funciona com Keras Model.fit para treinamento (assim como Model.evaluate e Model.predict ). Você aprenderá como fazer isso implementando um SessionRunHook e uma tarefa de Callback de chamada que mede exemplos por segundo durante o treinamento.

Exemplos de retornos de chamada são o salvamento do ponto de verificação ( tf.keras.callbacks.ModelCheckpoint ) e a escrita de resumo do TensorBoard . Os retornos de chamada Keras são objetos que são chamados em diferentes pontos durante o treinamento/avaliação/previsão nas APIs Keras Model.fit / Model.evaluate / Model.predict Model.predict . Você pode aprender mais sobre retornos de chamada nos documentos da API tf.keras.callbacks.Callback , bem como nos guias Como escrever seus próprios retornos de chamada e Treinamento e avaliação com os métodos integrados (a seção Usando retornos de chamada).

Configurar

Comece com importações e um conjunto de dados simples para fins de demonstração:

import tensorflow as tf
import tensorflow.compat.v1 as tf1

import time
from datetime import datetime
from absl import flags

features = [[1., 1.5], [2., 2.5], [3., 3.5]]
labels = [[0.3], [0.5], [0.7]]
eval_features = [[4., 4.5], [5., 5.5], [6., 6.5]]
eval_labels = [[0.8], [0.9], [1.]]

TensorFlow 1: crie um SessionRunHook personalizado com APIs tf.estimator

Os exemplos do TensorFlow 1 a seguir mostram como configurar um SessionRunHook personalizado que mede exemplos por segundo durante o treinamento. Após criar o gancho ( LoggerHook ), passe-o para o parâmetro hooks de tf.estimator.Estimator.train .

def _input_fn():
  return tf1.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(
      (features, labels)).batch(1).repeat(100)

def _model_fn(features, labels, mode):
  logits = tf1.layers.Dense(1)(features)
  loss = tf1.losses.mean_squared_error(labels=labels, predictions=logits)
  optimizer = tf1.train.AdagradOptimizer(0.05)
  train_op = optimizer.minimize(loss, global_step=tf1.train.get_global_step())
  return tf1.estimator.EstimatorSpec(mode, loss=loss, train_op=train_op)

class LoggerHook(tf1.train.SessionRunHook):
  """Logs loss and runtime."""

  def begin(self):
    self._step = -1
    self._start_time = time.time()
    self.log_frequency = 10

  def before_run(self, run_context):
    self._step += 1

  def after_run(self, run_context, run_values):
    if self._step % self.log_frequency == 0:
      current_time = time.time()
      duration = current_time - self._start_time
      self._start_time = current_time
      examples_per_sec = self.log_frequency / duration
      print('Time:', datetime.now(), ', Step #:', self._step,
            ', Examples per second:', examples_per_sec)

estimator = tf1.estimator.Estimator(model_fn=_model_fn)

# Begin training.
estimator.train(_input_fn, hooks=[LoggerHook()])

INFO:tensorflow:Using default config.
WARNING:tensorflow:Using temporary folder as model directory: /tmp/tmpe4lxk_r8
INFO:tensorflow:Using config: {'_model_dir': '/tmp/tmpe4lxk_r8', '_tf_random_seed': None, '_save_summary_steps': 100, '_save_checkpoints_steps': None, '_save_checkpoints_secs': 600, '_session_config': allow_soft_placement: true
graph_options {
  rewrite_options {
    meta_optimizer_iterations: ONE
  }
}
, '_keep_checkpoint_max': 5, '_keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours': 10000, '_log_step_count_steps': 100, '_train_distribute': None, '_device_fn': None, '_protocol': None, '_eval_distribute': None, '_experimental_distribute': None, '_experimental_max_worker_delay_secs': None, '_session_creation_timeout_secs': 7200, '_checkpoint_save_graph_def': True, '_service': None, '_cluster_spec': ClusterSpec({}), '_task_type': 'worker', '_task_id': 0, '_global_id_in_cluster': 0, '_master': '', '_evaluation_master': '', '_is_chief': True, '_num_ps_replicas': 0, '_num_worker_replicas': 1}
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/training_util.py:236: Variable.initialized_value (from tensorflow.python.ops.variables) is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Use Variable.read_value. Variables in 2.X are initialized automatically both in eager and graph (inside tf.defun) contexts.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling model_fn.
WARNING:tensorflow:From /tmpfs/src/tf_docs_env/lib/python3.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/training/adagrad.py:77: calling Constant.__init__ (from tensorflow.python.ops.init_ops) with dtype is deprecated and will be removed in a future version.
Instructions for updating:
Call initializer instance with the dtype argument instead of passing it to the constructor
INFO:tensorflow:Done calling model_fn.
INFO:tensorflow:Create CheckpointSaverHook.
INFO:tensorflow:Graph was finalized.
INFO:tensorflow:Running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Done running local_init_op.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 0...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 0 into /tmp/tmpe4lxk_r8/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 0...
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:53.978329 , Step #: 0 , Examples per second: 6.5659573368942015
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.272405, step = 0
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.010834 , Step #: 10 , Examples per second: 307.6243353258279
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.020112 , Step #: 20 , Examples per second: 1077.700865900974
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.029483 , Step #: 30 , Examples per second: 1067.1171606665819
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.039412 , Step #: 40 , Examples per second: 1007.1566814743667
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.048087 , Step #: 50 , Examples per second: 1152.756355641061
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.056877 , Step #: 60 , Examples per second: 1137.6234777184084
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.066122 , Step #: 70 , Examples per second: 1081.6752630493088
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.074645 , Step #: 80 , Examples per second: 1173.2647067050827
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.083555 , Step #: 90 , Examples per second: 1122.3118912554853
INFO:tensorflow:global_step/sec: 866.456
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.094488 , Step #: 100 , Examples per second: 914.6685275645499
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.00072448375, step = 100 (0.116 sec)
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.104045 , Step #: 110 , Examples per second: 1046.3525009355121
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.112493 , Step #: 120 , Examples per second: 1183.7949817956028
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.120903 , Step #: 130 , Examples per second: 1189.0301913536498
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.129681 , Step #: 140 , Examples per second: 1139.106488145352
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.138138 , Step #: 150 , Examples per second: 1182.5933966786026
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.146595 , Step #: 160 , Examples per second: 1182.4933746828306
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.155248 , Step #: 170 , Examples per second: 1155.551147477753
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.163869 , Step #: 180 , Examples per second: 1159.993362464738
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.172881 , Step #: 190 , Examples per second: 1109.5455266917095
INFO:tensorflow:global_step/sec: 1129.39
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.183226 , Step #: 200 , Examples per second: 966.6745027541543
INFO:tensorflow:loss = 0.004354417, step = 200 (0.088 sec)
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.192698 , Step #: 210 , Examples per second: 1055.8082867643357
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.201008 , Step #: 220 , Examples per second: 1203.288865937975
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.209423 , Step #: 230 , Examples per second: 1188.3900946336487
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.218621 , Step #: 240 , Examples per second: 1087.1987350631173
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.227779 , Step #: 250 , Examples per second: 1091.9538673817397
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.236563 , Step #: 260 , Examples per second: 1138.4571955919873
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.244876 , Step #: 270 , Examples per second: 1202.9437577078613
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.253524 , Step #: 280 , Examples per second: 1156.2838396647737
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.262094 , Step #: 290 , Examples per second: 1166.8671581582973
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners before saving checkpoint 300...
INFO:tensorflow:Saving checkpoints for 300 into /tmp/tmpe4lxk_r8/model.ckpt.
INFO:tensorflow:Calling checkpoint listeners after saving checkpoint 300...
INFO:tensorflow:Loss for final step: 0.0026133624.
<tensorflow_estimator.python.estimator.estimator.Estimator at 0x7f9750e2efd0>

TensorFlow 2: crie um retorno de chamada Keras personalizado para Model.fit

No TensorFlow 2, ao usar o Keras Model.fit (ou Model.evaluate ) integrado para treinamento/avaliação, você pode configurar um tf.keras.callbacks.Callback personalizado, que você passa para o parâmetro callbacks de Model.fit (ou Model.evaluate ). (Saiba mais no guia Como escrever seus próprios retornos de chamada.)

No exemplo abaixo, você escreverá um tf.keras.callbacks.Callback personalizado que registra várias métricas — ele medirá exemplos por segundo, que devem ser comparáveis ​​às métricas do exemplo SessionRunHook anterior.

class CustomCallback(tf.keras.callbacks.Callback):

    def on_train_begin(self, logs = None):
      self._step = -1
      self._start_time = time.time()
      self.log_frequency = 10

    def on_train_batch_begin(self, batch, logs = None):
      self._step += 1

    def on_train_batch_end(self, batch, logs = None):
      if self._step % self.log_frequency == 0:
        current_time = time.time()
        duration = current_time - self._start_time
        self._start_time = current_time
        examples_per_sec = self.log_frequency / duration
        print('Time:', datetime.now(), ', Step #:', self._step,
              ', Examples per second:', examples_per_sec)

callback = CustomCallback()

dataset = tf.data.Dataset.from_tensor_slices(
    (features, labels)).batch(1).repeat(100)

model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([tf.keras.layers.Dense(1)])
optimizer = tf.keras.optimizers.Adagrad(learning_rate=0.05)

model.compile(optimizer, "mse")

# Begin training.
result = model.fit(dataset, callbacks=[callback], verbose = 0)
# Provide the results of training metrics.
result.history

Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.545193 , Step #: 0 , Examples per second: 47.66297875435231
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.558176 , Step #: 10 , Examples per second: 770.1198979123442
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.570778 , Step #: 20 , Examples per second: 793.5191176192368
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.583033 , Step #: 30 , Examples per second: 815.9807011400335
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.595632 , Step #: 40 , Examples per second: 793.6993093007853
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.607942 , Step #: 50 , Examples per second: 812.3458320421444
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.619847 , Step #: 60 , Examples per second: 840.0368515922291
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.632529 , Step #: 70 , Examples per second: 788.4919351806594
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.646415 , Step #: 80 , Examples per second: 720.1881900444719
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.659728 , Step #: 90 , Examples per second: 751.1154886194731
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.672811 , Step #: 100 , Examples per second: 764.3517877318949
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.685740 , Step #: 110 , Examples per second: 773.5000461041955
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.698443 , Step #: 120 , Examples per second: 787.2192192192192
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.711277 , Step #: 130 , Examples per second: 779.161449722279
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.725101 , Step #: 140 , Examples per second: 723.355408388521
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.738438 , Step #: 150 , Examples per second: 749.7861994994637
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.752388 , Step #: 160 , Examples per second: 716.8280010937927
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.765563 , Step #: 170 , Examples per second: 759.0538755270826
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.779201 , Step #: 180 , Examples per second: 733.295569775167
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.792040 , Step #: 190 , Examples per second: 778.8865366759517
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.804998 , Step #: 200 , Examples per second: 771.664274938367
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.818003 , Step #: 210 , Examples per second: 768.9762393663831
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.831546 , Step #: 220 , Examples per second: 738.3428098649814
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.845028 , Step #: 230 , Examples per second: 741.7245525924878
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.858053 , Step #: 240 , Examples per second: 767.7375896910236
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.871158 , Step #: 250 , Examples per second: 763.0585624101734
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.883612 , Step #: 260 , Examples per second: 802.922010796738
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.896472 , Step #: 270 , Examples per second: 777.6301981941895
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.909765 , Step #: 280 , Examples per second: 752.2740561384629
Time: 2021-10-26 01:34:54.922856 , Step #: 290 , Examples per second: 763.8645759347284
{'loss': [0.33093082904815674]}

Próximos passos

Saiba mais sobre retornos de chamada em:

Você também pode achar úteis os seguintes recursos relacionados à migração: