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glue

Description:

GLUE, the General Language Understanding Evaluation benchmark (https://gluebenchmark.com/) is a collection of resources for training, evaluating, and analyzing natural language understanding systems.

Additional Documentation: Explore on Papers With Code
Source code: tfds.text.Glue
Versions:
- 1.0.0: New split API (https://tensorflow.org/datasets/splits)
- 1.0.1: Update dead URL links.
- 2.0.0 (default): Update data source for glue/qqp.
Auto-cached (documentation): Yes
Supervised keys (See as_supervised doc): None
Figure (tfds.show_examples): Not supported.

glue/cola (default config)

Config description: The Corpus of Linguistic Acceptability consists of English acceptability judgments drawn from books and journal articles on linguistic theory. Each example is a sequence of words annotated with whether it is a grammatical English sentence.
Homepage: https://nyu-mll.github.io/CoLA/
Download size: 368.14 KiB
Dataset size: 965.49 KiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	1,063
`'train'`	8,551
`'validation'`	1,043

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'sentence': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
sentence	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@article{warstadt2018neural,
  title={Neural Network Acceptability Judgments},
  author={Warstadt, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Bowman, Samuel R},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1805.12471},
  year={2018}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/sst2

Config description: The Stanford Sentiment Treebank consists of sentences from movie reviews and human annotations of their sentiment. The task is to predict the sentiment of a given sentence. We use the two-way (positive/negative) class split, and use only sentence-level labels.
Homepage: https://nlp.stanford.edu/sentiment/index.html
Download size: 7.09 MiB
Dataset size: 7.22 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	1,821
`'train'`	67,349
`'validation'`	872

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'sentence': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
sentence	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@inproceedings{socher2013recursive,
  title={Recursive deep models for semantic compositionality over a sentiment treebank},
  author={Socher, Richard and Perelygin, Alex and Wu, Jean and Chuang, Jason and Manning, Christopher D and Ng, Andrew and Potts, Christopher},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the 2013 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing},
  pages={1631--1642},
  year={2013}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/mrpc

Config description: The Microsoft Research Paraphrase Corpus (Dolan & Brockett, 2005) is a corpus of sentence pairs automatically extracted from online news sources, with human annotations for whether the sentences in the pair are semantically equivalent.
Homepage: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=52398
Download size: 1.43 MiB
Dataset size: 1.74 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	1,725
`'train'`	3,668
`'validation'`	408

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'sentence1': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'sentence2': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
sentence1	Text	string
sentence2	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@inproceedings{dolan2005automatically,
  title={Automatically constructing a corpus of sentential paraphrases},
  author={Dolan, William B and Brockett, Chris},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Paraphrasing (IWP2005)},
  year={2005}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/qqp

Config description: The Quora Question Pairs2 dataset is a collection of question pairs from the community question-answering website Quora. The task is to determine whether a pair of questions are semantically equivalent.
Homepage: https://data.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs
Download size: 39.76 MiB
Dataset size: 150.37 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	390,965
`'train'`	363,846
`'validation'`	40,430

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'question1': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'question2': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
question1	Text	string
question2	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@online{WinNT,
  author = {Iyer, Shankar and Dandekar, Nikhil and Csernai, Kornel},
  title = {First Quora Dataset Release: Question Pairs},
  year = 2017,
  url = {https://data.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs},
  urldate = {2019-04-03}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/stsb

Config description: The Semantic Textual Similarity Benchmark (Cer et al., 2017) is a collection of sentence pairs drawn from news headlines, video and image captions, and natural language inference data. Each pair is human-annotated with a similarity score from 0 to 5.
Homepage: http://ixa2.si.ehu.es/stswiki/index.php/STSbenchmark
Download size: 784.05 KiB
Dataset size: 1.58 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	1,379
`'train'`	5,749
`'validation'`	1,500

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': float32,
    'sentence1': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'sentence2': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	Tensor	float32
sentence1	Text	string
sentence2	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@article{cer2017semeval,
  title={Semeval-2017 task 1: Semantic textual similarity-multilingual and cross-lingual focused evaluation},
  author={Cer, Daniel and Diab, Mona and Agirre, Eneko and Lopez-Gazpio, Inigo and Specia, Lucia},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.00055},
  year={2017}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/mnli

Config description: The Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference Corpus is a crowdsourced collection of sentence pairs with textual entailment annotations. Given a premise sentence and a hypothesis sentence, the task is to predict whether the premise entails the hypothesis (entailment), contradicts the hypothesis (contradiction), or neither (neutral). The premise sentences are gathered from ten different sources, including transcribed speech, fiction, and government reports. We use the standard test set, for which we obtained private labels from the authors, and evaluate on both the matched (in-domain) and mismatched (cross-domain) section. We also use and recommend the SNLI corpus as 550k examples of auxiliary training data.
Homepage: http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/
Download size: 298.29 MiB
Dataset size: 100.56 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test_matched'`	9,796
`'test_mismatched'`	9,847
`'train'`	392,702
`'validation_matched'`	9,815
`'validation_mismatched'`	9,832

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'hypothesis': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=3),
    'premise': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
hypothesis	Text	string
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
premise	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@InProceedings{N18-1101,
  author = "Williams, Adina
            and Nangia, Nikita
            and Bowman, Samuel",
  title = "A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for
           Sentence Understanding through Inference",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of
               the North American Chapter of the
               Association for Computational Linguistics:
               Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long
               Papers)",
  year = "2018",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "1112--1122",
  location = "New Orleans, Louisiana",
  url = "http://aclweb.org/anthology/N18-1101"
}
@article{bowman2015large,
  title={A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference},
  author={Bowman, Samuel R and Angeli, Gabor and Potts, Christopher and Manning, Christopher D},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.05326},
  year={2015}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/mnli_mismatched

Config description: The mismatched validation and test splits from MNLI. See the "mnli" BuilderConfig for additional information.
Homepage: http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/
Download size: 298.29 MiB
Dataset size: 4.79 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	9,847
`'validation'`	9,832

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'hypothesis': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=3),
    'premise': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
hypothesis	Text	string
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
premise	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@InProceedings{N18-1101,
  author = "Williams, Adina
            and Nangia, Nikita
            and Bowman, Samuel",
  title = "A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for
           Sentence Understanding through Inference",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of
               the North American Chapter of the
               Association for Computational Linguistics:
               Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long
               Papers)",
  year = "2018",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "1112--1122",
  location = "New Orleans, Louisiana",
  url = "http://aclweb.org/anthology/N18-1101"
}
@article{bowman2015large,
  title={A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference},
  author={Bowman, Samuel R and Angeli, Gabor and Potts, Christopher and Manning, Christopher D},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.05326},
  year={2015}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/mnli_matched

Config description: The matched validation and test splits from MNLI. See the "mnli" BuilderConfig for additional information.
Homepage: http://www.nyu.edu/projects/bowman/multinli/
Download size: 298.29 MiB
Dataset size: 4.58 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	9,796
`'validation'`	9,815

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'hypothesis': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=3),
    'premise': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
hypothesis	Text	string
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
premise	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@InProceedings{N18-1101,
  author = "Williams, Adina
            and Nangia, Nikita
            and Bowman, Samuel",
  title = "A Broad-Coverage Challenge Corpus for
           Sentence Understanding through Inference",
  booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of
               the North American Chapter of the
               Association for Computational Linguistics:
               Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long
               Papers)",
  year = "2018",
  publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
  pages = "1112--1122",
  location = "New Orleans, Louisiana",
  url = "http://aclweb.org/anthology/N18-1101"
}
@article{bowman2015large,
  title={A large annotated corpus for learning natural language inference},
  author={Bowman, Samuel R and Angeli, Gabor and Potts, Christopher and Manning, Christopher D},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1508.05326},
  year={2015}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/qnli

Config description: The Stanford Question Answering Dataset is a question-answering dataset consisting of question-paragraph pairs, where one of the sentences in the paragraph (drawn from Wikipedia) contains the answer to the corresponding question (written by an annotator). We convert the task into sentence pair classification by forming a pair between each question and each sentence in the corresponding context, and filtering out pairs with low lexical overlap between the question and the context sentence. The task is to determine whether the context sentence contains the answer to the question. This modified version of the original task removes the requirement that the model select the exact answer, but also removes the simplifying assumptions that the answer is always present in the input and that lexical overlap is a reliable cue.
Homepage: https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/
Download size: 10.14 MiB
Dataset size: 32.99 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	5,463
`'train'`	104,743
`'validation'`	5,463

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'question': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'sentence': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
question	Text	string
sentence	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@article{rajpurkar2016squad,
  title={Squad: 100,000+ questions for machine comprehension of text},
  author={Rajpurkar, Pranav and Zhang, Jian and Lopyrev, Konstantin and Liang, Percy},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1606.05250},
  year={2016}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/rte

Config description: The Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE) datasets come from a series of annual textual entailment challenges. We combine the data from RTE1 (Dagan et al., 2006), RTE2 (Bar Haim et al., 2006), RTE3 (Giampiccolo et al., 2007), and RTE5 (Bentivogli et al., 2009).4 Examples are constructed based on news and Wikipedia text. We convert all datasets to a two-class split, where for three-class datasets we collapse neutral and contradiction into not entailment, for consistency.
Homepage: https://aclweb.org/aclwiki/Recognizing_Textual_Entailment
Download size: 680.81 KiB
Dataset size: 2.15 MiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	3,000
`'train'`	2,490
`'validation'`	277

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'sentence1': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'sentence2': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
sentence1	Text	string
sentence2	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@inproceedings{dagan2005pascal,
  title={The PASCAL recognising textual entailment challenge},
  author={Dagan, Ido and Glickman, Oren and Magnini, Bernardo},
  booktitle={Machine Learning Challenges Workshop},
  pages={177--190},
  year={2005},
  organization={Springer}
}
@inproceedings{bar2006second,
  title={The second pascal recognising textual entailment challenge},
  author={Bar-Haim, Roy and Dagan, Ido and Dolan, Bill and Ferro, Lisa and Giampiccolo, Danilo and Magnini, Bernardo and Szpektor, Idan},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the second PASCAL challenges workshop on recognising textual entailment},
  volume={6},
  number={1},
  pages={6--4},
  year={2006},
  organization={Venice}
}
@inproceedings{giampiccolo2007third,
  title={The third pascal recognizing textual entailment challenge},
  author={Giampiccolo, Danilo and Magnini, Bernardo and Dagan, Ido and Dolan, Bill},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the ACL-PASCAL workshop on textual entailment and paraphrasing},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2007},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics}
}
@inproceedings{bentivogli2009fifth,
  title={The Fifth PASCAL Recognizing Textual Entailment Challenge.},
  author={Bentivogli, Luisa and Clark, Peter and Dagan, Ido and Giampiccolo, Danilo},
  booktitle={TAC},
  year={2009}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/wnli

Config description: The Winograd Schema Challenge (Levesque et al., 2011) is a reading comprehension task in which a system must read a sentence with a pronoun and select the referent of that pronoun from a list of choices. The examples are manually constructed to foil simple statistical methods: Each one is contingent on contextual information provided by a single word or phrase in the sentence. To convert the problem into sentence pair classification, we construct sentence pairs by replacing the ambiguous pronoun with each possible referent. The task is to predict if the sentence with the pronoun substituted is entailed by the original sentence. We use a small evaluation set consisting of new examples derived from fiction books that was shared privately by the authors of the original corpus. While the included training set is balanced between two classes, the test set is imbalanced between them (65% not entailment). Also, due to a data quirk, the development set is adversarial: hypotheses are sometimes shared between training and development examples, so if a model memorizes the training examples, they will predict the wrong label on corresponding development set example. As with QNLI, each example is evaluated separately, so there is not a systematic correspondence between a model's score on this task and its score on the unconverted original task. We call converted dataset WNLI (Winograd NLI).
Homepage: https://cs.nyu.edu/faculty/davise/papers/WinogradSchemas/WS.html
Download size: 28.32 KiB
Dataset size: 198.88 KiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	146
`'train'`	635
`'validation'`	71

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=2),
    'sentence1': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'sentence2': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
sentence1	Text	string
sentence2	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@inproceedings{levesque2012winograd,
  title={The winograd schema challenge},
  author={Levesque, Hector and Davis, Ernest and Morgenstern, Leora},
  booktitle={Thirteenth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year={2012}
}
@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.

glue/ax

Config description: A manually-curated evaluation dataset for fine-grained analysis of system performance on a broad range of linguistic phenomena. This dataset evaluates sentence understanding through Natural Language Inference (NLI) problems. Use a model trained on MulitNLI to produce predictions for this dataset.
Homepage: https://gluebenchmark.com/diagnostics
Download size: 217.05 KiB
Dataset size: 299.16 KiB
Splits:

Split	Examples
`'test'`	1,104

Feature structure:

FeaturesDict({
    'hypothesis': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
    'idx': int32,
    'label': ClassLabel(shape=(), dtype=int64, num_classes=3),
    'premise': Text(shape=(), dtype=string),
})

Feature documentation:

Feature	Class	Dtype
	FeaturesDict
hypothesis	Text	string
idx	Tensor	int32
label	ClassLabel	int64
premise	Text	string

Examples (tfds.as_dataframe):

Citation:

@inproceedings{wang2019glue,
  title={ {GLUE}: A Multi-Task Benchmark and Analysis Platform for Natural Language Understanding},
  author={Wang, Alex and Singh, Amanpreet and Michael, Julian and Hill, Felix and Levy, Omer and Bowman, Samuel R.},
  note={In the Proceedings of ICLR.},
  year={2019}
}

Note that each GLUE dataset has its own citation. Please see the source to see
the correct citation for each contained dataset.