tfp.substrates.jax.distributions.JointDistributionSequential

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Joint distribution parameterized by distribution-making functions.

Inherits From: JointDistribution, Distribution

View aliases

Main aliases

tfp.experimental.substrates.jax.distributions.JointDistributionSequential

tfp.substrates.jax.distributions.JointDistributionSequential(
    model, validate_args=False, name=None
)

This distribution enables both sampling and joint probability computation from a single model specification.

A joint distribution is a collection of possibly interdependent distributions. Like tf.keras.Sequential, the JointDistributionSequential can be specified via a list of functions (each responsible for making a tfp.distributions.Distribution-like instance). Unlike tf.keras.Sequential, each function can depend on the output of all previous elements rather than only the immediately previous.

Mathematical Details

The JointDistributionSequential implements the chain rule of probability. That is, the probability function of a length-d vector x is,

p(x) = prod{ p(x[i] | x[:i]) : i = 0, ..., (d - 1) }

The JointDistributionSequential is parameterized by a list comprised of either:

1. tfp.distributions.Distribution-like instances or,
2. callables which return a tfp.distributions.Distribution-like instance.

Each list element implements the i-th full conditional distribution, p(x[i] | x[:i]). The "conditioned on" elements are represented by the callable's required arguments. Directly providing a Distribution-like instance is a convenience and is semantically identical a zero argument callable.

Denote the i-th callables non-default arguments as args[i]. Since the callable is the conditional manifest, 0 <= len(args[i]) <= i - 1. When len(args[i]) < i - 1, the callable only depends on a subset of the previous distributions, specifically those at indexes: range(i - 1, i - 1 - num_args[i], -1). (See "Examples" and "Discussion" for why the order is reversed.)

Name resolution: The names ofJointDistributionSequentialcomponents are defined by explicitnamearguments passed to distributions (tfd.Normal(0., 1., name='x')) and/or by the argument names in distribution-making functions (lambda x: tfd.Normal(x., 1.)). Both approaches may be used in the same distribution, as long as they are consistent; referring to a single component by multiple names will raise aValueError`. Unnamed components will be assigned a dummy name.

Examples

tfd = tfp.distributions

# Consider the following generative model:
#     e ~ Exponential(rate=[100,120])
#     g ~ Gamma(concentration=e[0], rate=e[1])
#     n ~ Normal(loc=0, scale=2.)
#     m ~ Normal(loc=n, scale=g)
#     for i = 1, ..., 12:
#       x[i] ~ Bernoulli(logits=m)

# In TFP, we can write this as:
joint = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
                 tfd.Independent(tfd.Exponential(rate=[100, 120]), 1),  # e
    lambda    e: tfd.Gamma(concentration=e[..., 0], rate=e[..., 1]),    # g
                 tfd.Normal(loc=0, scale=2.),                           # n
    lambda n, g: tfd.Normal(loc=n, scale=g),                            # m
    lambda    m: tfd.Sample(tfd.Bernoulli(logits=m), 12)                # x
])
# (Notice the 1:1 correspondence between "math" and "code".)

x = joint.sample()
# ==> A length-5 list of Tensors representing a draw/realization from each
#     distribution.
joint.log_prob(x)
# ==> A scalar `Tensor` representing the total log prob under all five
#     distributions.

joint.resolve_graph()
# ==> (('e', ()),
#      ('g', ('e',)),
#      ('n', ()),
#      ('m', ('n', 'g')),
#      ('x', ('m',)))

Discussion

JointDistributionSequential builds each distribution in list order; list items must be either a:

1. tfd.Distribution-like instance (e.g., e and n), or a
2. Python callable (e.g., g, m, x).

Regarding #1, an object is deemed "tfd.Distribution-like" if it has a sample, log_prob, and distribution properties, e.g., batch_shape, event_shape, dtype.

Regarding #2, in addition to using a function (or lambda), supplying a TFD "class" is also permissible, this also being a "Python callable." For example, instead of writing: lambda loc, scale: tfd.Normal(loc=loc, scale=scale) one could have simply written tfd.Normal.

Notice that directly providing a tfd.Distribution-like instance means there cannot exist a (dynamic) dependency on other distributions; it is "independent" both "computationally" and "statistically." The same is self-evidently true of zero-argument callables.

A distribution instance depends on other distribution instances through the distribution making function's required arguments. If the distribution maker has k required arguments then the JointDistributionSequential calls the maker with samples produced by the previous k distributions.

Args
model	Python list of either tfd.Distribution instances and/or lambda functions which take the k previous distributions and returns a new tfd.Distribution instance.
validate_args	Python bool. Whether to validate input with asserts. If validate_args is False, and the inputs are invalid, correct behavior is not guaranteed. Default value: False.
name	The name for ops managed by the distribution. Default value: None (i.e., "JointDistributionSequential").

Attributes
allow_nan_stats	Python bool describing behavior when a stat is undefined. Stats return +/- infinity when it makes sense. E.g., the variance of a Cauchy distribution is infinity. However, sometimes the statistic is undefined, e.g., if a distribution's pdf does not achieve a maximum within the support of the distribution, the mode is undefined. If the mean is undefined, then by definition the variance is undefined. E.g. the mean for Student's T for df = 1 is undefined (no clear way to say it is either + or - infinity), so the variance = E[(X - mean)**2] is also undefined.
batch_shape	Shape of a single sample from a single event index as a TensorShape. May be partially defined or unknown. The batch dimensions are indexes into independent, non-identical parameterizations of this distribution.
dtype	The DType of Tensors handled by this Distribution.
event_shape	Shape of a single sample from a single batch as a TensorShape. May be partially defined or unknown.
experimental_shard_axis_names	Indicates whether part distributions have active shard axis names.
model
name	Name prepended to all ops created by this Distribution.
parameters	Dictionary of parameters used to instantiate this Distribution.
reparameterization_type	Describes how samples from the distribution are reparameterized. Currently this is one of the static instances tfd.FULLY_REPARAMETERIZED or tfd.NOT_REPARAMETERIZED.
trainable_variables
use_vectorized_map
validate_args	Python bool indicating possibly expensive checks are enabled.
variables

Child Classes

class Root

Methods

batch_shape_tensor

View source

batch_shape_tensor(
    sample_shape=(), name='batch_shape_tensor'
)

Shape of a single sample from a single event index as a 1-D Tensor.

The batch dimensions are indexes into independent, non-identical parameterizations of this distribution.

Args
sample_shape	The sample shape under which to evaluate the joint distribution. Sample shape at root (toplevel) nodes may affect the batch or event shapes of child nodes.
name	name to give to the op

Returns
batch_shape	Tensor representing batch shape of each distribution in model.

cdf

View source

cdf(
    value, name='cdf', **kwargs
)

Cumulative distribution function.

Given random variable X, the cumulative distribution function cdf is:

cdf(x) := P[X <= x]

Args
value	float or double Tensor.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
cdf	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

copy

View source

copy(
    **override_parameters_kwargs
)

Creates a deep copy of the distribution.

Args
**override_parameters_kwargs	String/value dictionary of initialization arguments to override with new values.

Returns
distribution	A new instance of type(self) initialized from the union of self.parameters and override_parameters_kwargs, i.e., dict(self.parameters, **override_parameters_kwargs).

covariance

View source

covariance(
    name='covariance', **kwargs
)

Covariance.

Covariance is (possibly) defined only for non-scalar-event distributions.

For example, for a length-k, vector-valued distribution, it is calculated as,

Cov[i, j] = Covariance(X_i, X_j) = E[(X_i - E[X_i]) (X_j - E[X_j])]

where Cov is a (batch of) k x k matrix, 0 <= (i, j) < k, and E denotes expectation.

Alternatively, for non-vector, multivariate distributions (e.g., matrix-valued, Wishart), Covariance shall return a (batch of) matrices under some vectorization of the events, i.e.,

Cov[i, j] = Covariance(Vec(X)_i, Vec(X)_j) = [as above]

where Cov is a (batch of) k' x k' matrices, 0 <= (i, j) < k' = reduce_prod(event_shape), and Vec is some function mapping indices of this distribution's event dimensions to indices of a length-k' vector.

Args
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
covariance	Floating-point Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn, k', k'] where the first n dimensions are batch coordinates and k' = reduce_prod(self.event_shape).

cross_entropy

View source

cross_entropy(
    other, name='cross_entropy'
)

Computes the (Shannon) cross entropy.

Denote this distribution (self) by P and the other distribution by Q. Assuming P, Q are absolutely continuous with respect to one another and permit densities p(x) dr(x) and q(x) dr(x), (Shannon) cross entropy is defined as:

H[P, Q] = E_p[-log q(X)] = -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x)

where F denotes the support of the random variable X ~ P.

other types with built-in registrations: JointDistributionNamed, JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched, JointDistributionSequential, JointDistributionSequentialAutoBatched

Args
other	tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.

Returns
cross_entropy	self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn] representing n different calculations of (Shannon) cross entropy.

entropy

View source

entropy(
    name='entropy', **kwargs
)

Shannon entropy in nats.

Additional documentation from JointDistributionSequential:

Shannon entropy in nats.

event_shape_tensor

View source

event_shape_tensor(
    sample_shape=(), name='event_shape_tensor'
)

Shape of a single sample from a single batch as a 1-D int32 Tensor.

Args
sample_shape	The sample shape under which to evaluate the joint distribution. Sample shape at root (toplevel) nodes may affect the batch or event shapes of child nodes.
name	name to give to the op

Returns
event_shape	tuple of Tensors representing the event_shape for each distribution in model.

experimental_default_event_space_bijector

View source

experimental_default_event_space_bijector(
    *args, **kwargs
)

Bijector mapping the reals (R**n) to the event space of the distribution.

Distributions with continuous support may implement _default_event_space_bijector which returns a subclass of tfp.bijectors.Bijector that maps R**n to the distribution's event space. For example, the default bijector for the Beta distribution is tfp.bijectors.Sigmoid(), which maps the real line to [0, 1], the support of the Beta distribution. The default bijector for the CholeskyLKJ distribution is tfp.bijectors.CorrelationCholesky, which maps R^(k * (k-1) // 2) to the submanifold of k x k lower triangular matrices with ones along the diagonal.

The purpose of experimental_default_event_space_bijector is to enable gradient descent in an unconstrained space for Variational Inference and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods. Some effort has been made to choose bijectors such that the tails of the distribution in the unconstrained space are between Gaussian and Exponential.

For distributions with discrete event space, or for which TFP currently lacks a suitable bijector, this function returns None.

Args
*args	Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector.
**kwargs	Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector.

Returns
event_space_bijector	Bijector instance or None.

experimental_pin

View source

experimental_pin(
    *args, **kwargs
)

Pins some parts, returning an unnormalized distribution object.

The calling convention is much like other JointDistribution methods (e.g. log_prob), but with the difference that not all parts are required. In this respect, the behavior is similar to that of the sample function's value argument.

Examples:

# Given the following joint distribution:
jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
    tfd.Normal(0., 1., name='z'),
    tfd.Normal(0., 1., name='y'),
    lambda y, z: tfd.Normal(y + z, 1., name='x')
], validate_args=True)

# The following calls are all permissible and produce
# `JointDistributionPinned` objects behaving identically.
PartialXY = collections.namedtuple('PartialXY', 'x,y')
PartialX = collections.namedtuple('PartialX', 'x')
assert (jd.experimental_pin(x=2.).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(x=2., z=None).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(dict(x=2.)).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(dict(x=2., y=None)).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(PartialXY(x=2., y=None)).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(PartialX(x=2.)).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin(None, None, 2.).pins ==
        jd.experimental_pin([None, None, 2.]).pins)

Args
*args	Positional arguments: a value structure or component values (see above).
**kwargs	Keyword arguments: a value structure or component values (see above). May also include name, specifying a Python string name for ops generated by this method.

Returns
pinned	a tfp.experimental.distributions.JointDistributionPinned with the given values pinned.

is_scalar_batch

View source

is_scalar_batch(
    name='is_scalar_batch'
)

Indicates that batch_shape == [].

Args
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.

Returns
is_scalar_batch	bool scalar Tensor for each distribution in model.

is_scalar_event

View source

is_scalar_event(
    name='is_scalar_event'
)

Indicates that event_shape == [].

Args
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.

Returns
is_scalar_event	bool scalar Tensor for each distribution in model.

kl_divergence

View source

kl_divergence(
    other, name='kl_divergence'
)

Computes the Kullback--Leibler divergence.

Denote this distribution (self) by p and the other distribution by q. Assuming p, q are absolutely continuous with respect to reference measure r, the KL divergence is defined as:

KL[p, q] = E_p[log(p(X)/q(X))]
         = -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x) + int_F p(x) log p(x) dr(x)
         = H[p, q] - H[p]

where F denotes the support of the random variable X ~ p, H[., .] denotes (Shannon) cross entropy, and H[.] denotes (Shannon) entropy.

other types with built-in registrations: JointDistributionNamed, JointDistributionNamedAutoBatched, JointDistributionSequential, JointDistributionSequentialAutoBatched

Args
other	tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.

Returns
kl_divergence	self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn] representing n different calculations of the Kullback-Leibler divergence.

log_cdf

View source

log_cdf(
    value, name='log_cdf', **kwargs
)

Log cumulative distribution function.

Given random variable X, the cumulative distribution function cdf is:

log_cdf(x) := Log[ P[X <= x] ]

Often, a numerical approximation can be used for log_cdf(x) that yields a more accurate answer than simply taking the logarithm of the cdf when x << -1.

Args
value	float or double Tensor.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
logcdf	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

log_prob

View source

log_prob(
    *args, **kwargs
)

Log probability density/mass function.

The measure methods of JointDistribution (log_prob, prob, etc.) can be called either by passing a single structure of tensors or by using named args for each part of the joint distribution state. For example,

jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
    tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
    lambda z: tfd.Normal(z, 1.)
], validate_args=True)
jd.dtype
# ==> [tf.float32, tf.float32]
z, x = sample = jd.sample()
# The following calling styles are all permissable and produce the exactly
# the same output.
assert (jd.log_prob(sample) ==
        jd.log_prob(value=sample) ==
        jd.log_prob(z, x) ==
        jd.log_prob(z=z, x=x) ==
        jd.log_prob(z, x=x))

# These calling possibilities also imply that one can also use `*`
# expansion, if `sample` is a sequence:
jd.log_prob(*sample)
# and similarly, if `sample` is a map, one can use `**` expansion:
jd.log_prob(**sample)

JointDistribution component distributions names are resolved via jd._flat_resolve_names(), which is implemented by each JointDistribution subclass (see subclass documentation for details). Generally, for components where a name was provided--- either explicitly as the name argument to a distribution or as a key in a dict-valued JointDistribution, or implicitly, e.g., by the argument name of a JointDistributionSequential distribution-making function---the provided name will be used. Otherwise the component will receive a dummy name; these may change without warning and should not be relied upon.

trivial_jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([tfd.Exponential(1.)])
trivial_jd.dtype  # => [tf.float32]
trivial_jd.log_prob([4.])
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
lp = trivial_jd.log_prob(4.)
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.

Notice that in the first call, [4.] is interpreted as a list of one scalar while in the second call the input is a scalar. Hence both inputs result in identical scalar outputs. If we wanted to pass an explicit vector to the Exponential component---creating a vector-shaped batch of log_probs---we could instead write trivial_jd.log_prob(np.array([4])).

Args
*args	Positional arguments: a value structure or component values (see above).
**kwargs	Keyword arguments: a value structure or component values (see above). May also include name, specifying a Python string name for ops generated by this method.

Returns
log_prob	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

log_prob_parts

View source

log_prob_parts(
    value, name='log_prob_parts'
)

Log probability density/mass function.

Args
value	list of Tensors in distribution_fn order for which we compute the log_prob_parts and to parameterize other ("downstream") distributions.
name	name prepended to ops created by this function. Default value: "log_prob_parts".

Returns
log_prob_parts	a tuple of Tensors representing the log_prob for each distribution_fn evaluated at each corresponding value.

log_survival_function

View source

log_survival_function(
    value, name='log_survival_function', **kwargs
)

Log survival function.

Given random variable X, the survival function is defined:

log_survival_function(x) = Log[ P[X > x] ]
                         = Log[ 1 - P[X <= x] ]
                         = Log[ 1 - cdf(x) ]

Typically, different numerical approximations can be used for the log survival function, which are more accurate than 1 - cdf(x) when x >> 1.

Args
value	float or double Tensor.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

mean

View source

mean(
    name='mean', **kwargs
)

Mean.

mode

View source

mode(
    name='mode', **kwargs
)

Mode.

param_shapes

View source

@classmethod
param_shapes(
    sample_shape, name='DistributionParamShapes'
)

Shapes of parameters given the desired shape of a call to sample().

This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required to instantiate the given Distribution so that a particular shape is returned for that instance's call to sample().

Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes.

Args
sample_shape	Tensor or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call to sample().
name	name to prepend ops with.

Returns
dict of parameter name to Tensor shapes.

param_static_shapes

View source

@classmethod
param_static_shapes(
    sample_shape
)

param_shapes with static (i.e. TensorShape) shapes.

This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required to instantiate the given Distribution so that a particular shape is returned for that instance's call to sample(). Assumes that the sample's shape is known statically.

Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes to return constant-valued tensors when constant values are fed.

Args
sample_shape	TensorShape or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call to sample().

Returns
dict of parameter name to TensorShape.

Raises
ValueError	if sample_shape is a TensorShape and is not fully defined.

parameter_properties

View source

@classmethod
parameter_properties(
    dtype=tf.float32, num_classes=None
)

Returns a dict mapping constructor arg names to property annotations.

This dict should include an entry for each of the distribution's Tensor-valued constructor arguments.

Distribution subclasses are not required to implement _parameter_properties, so this method may raise NotImplementedError. Providing a _parameter_properties implementation enables several advanced features, including:

• Distribution batch slicing (sliced_distribution = distribution[i:j]).
• Automatic inference of _batch_shape and _batch_shape_tensor, which must otherwise be computed explicitly.
• Automatic instantiation of the distribution within TFP's internal property tests.
• Automatic construction of 'trainable' instances of the distribution using appropriate bijectors to avoid violating parameter constraints. This enables the distribution family to be used easily as a surrogate posterior in variational inference.

In the future, parameter property annotations may enable additional functionality; for example, returning Distribution instances from tf.vectorized_map.

Args
dtype	Optional float dtype to assume for continuous-valued parameters. Some constraining bijectors require advance knowledge of the dtype because certain constants (e.g., tfb.Softplus.low) must be instantiated with the same dtype as the values to be transformed.
num_classes	Optional int Tensor number of classes to assume when inferring the shape of parameters for categorical-like distributions. Otherwise ignored.

Returns
parameter_properties	A str ->tfp.python.internal.parameter_properties.ParameterPropertiesdict mapping constructor argument names toParameterProperties` instances.

Raises
NotImplementedError	if the distribution class does not implement _parameter_properties.

prob

View source

prob(
    *args, **kwargs
)

Probability density/mass function.

The measure methods of JointDistribution (log_prob, prob, etc.) can be called either by passing a single structure of tensors or by using named args for each part of the joint distribution state. For example,

jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
    tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
    lambda z: tfd.Normal(z, 1.)
], validate_args=True)
jd.dtype
# ==> [tf.float32, tf.float32]
z, x = sample = jd.sample()
# The following calling styles are all permissable and produce the exactly
# the same output.
assert (jd.prob(sample) ==
        jd.prob(value=sample) ==
        jd.prob(z, x) ==
        jd.prob(z=z, x=x) ==
        jd.prob(z, x=x))

# These calling possibilities also imply that one can also use `*`
# expansion, if `sample` is a sequence:
jd.prob(*sample)
# and similarly, if `sample` is a map, one can use `**` expansion:
jd.prob(**sample)

JointDistribution component distributions names are resolved via jd._flat_resolve_names(), which is implemented by each JointDistribution subclass (see subclass documentation for details). Generally, for components where a name was provided--- either explicitly as the name argument to a distribution or as a key in a dict-valued JointDistribution, or implicitly, e.g., by the argument name of a JointDistributionSequential distribution-making function---the provided name will be used. Otherwise the component will receive a dummy name; these may change without warning and should not be relied upon.

trivial_jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([tfd.Exponential(1.)])
trivial_jd.dtype  # => [tf.float32]
trivial_jd.prob([4.])
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
prob = trivial_jd.prob(4.)
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.

Notice that in the first call, [4.] is interpreted as a list of one scalar while in the second call the input is a scalar. Hence both inputs result in identical scalar outputs. If we wanted to pass an explicit vector to the Exponential component---creating a vector-shaped batch of probs---we could instead write trivial_jd.prob(np.array([4])).

Args
*args	Positional arguments: a value structure or component values (see above).
**kwargs	Keyword arguments: a value structure or component values (see above). May also include name, specifying a Python string name for ops generated by this method.

Returns
prob	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

prob_parts

View source

prob_parts(
    value, name='prob_parts'
)

Log probability density/mass function.

Args
value	list of Tensors in distribution_fn order for which we compute the prob_parts and to parameterize other ("downstream") distributions.
name	name prepended to ops created by this function. Default value: "prob_parts".

Returns
prob_parts	a tuple of Tensors representing the prob for each distribution_fn evaluated at each corresponding value.

quantile

View source

quantile(
    value, name='quantile', **kwargs
)

Quantile function. Aka 'inverse cdf' or 'percent point function'.

Given random variable X and p in [0, 1], the quantile is:

quantile(p) := x such that P[X <= x] == p

Args
value	float or double Tensor.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
quantile	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

resolve_graph

View source

resolve_graph(
    distribution_names=None, leaf_name='x'
)

Creates a tuple of tuples of dependencies.

This function is experimental. That said, we encourage its use and ask that you report problems to tfprobability@tensorflow.org.

Args
distribution_names	list of str or None names corresponding to each of model elements. (Nones are expanding into the appropriate str.)
leaf_name	str used when no maker depends on a particular model element.

Returns
graph	tuple of (str tuple) pairs representing the name of each distribution (maker) and the names of its dependencies.

Example

d = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
                 tfd.Independent(tfd.Exponential(rate=[100, 120]), 1),
    lambda    e: tfd.Gamma(concentration=e[..., 0], rate=e[..., 1]),
                 tfd.Normal(loc=0, scale=2.),
    lambda n, g: tfd.Normal(loc=n, scale=g),
])
d.resolve_graph()
# ==> (
#       ('e', ()),
#       ('g', ('e',)),
#       ('n', ()),
#       ('x', ('n', 'g')),
#     )

sample

View source

sample(
    sample_shape=(), seed=None, name='sample', **kwargs
)

Generate samples of the specified shape.

Note that a call to sample() without arguments will generate a single sample.

Args
sample_shape	0D or 1D int32 Tensor. Shape of the generated samples.
seed	Python integer or tfp.util.SeedStream instance, for seeding PRNG.
name	name to give to the op.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
samples	a Tensor with prepended dimensions sample_shape.

sample_distributions

View source

sample_distributions(
    sample_shape=(), seed=None, value=None, name='sample_distributions',
    **kwargs
)

Generate samples and the (random) distributions.

Note that a call to sample() without arguments will generate a single sample.

Args
sample_shape	0D or 1D int32 Tensor. Shape of the generated samples.
seed	Python integer seed for generating random numbers.
value	list of Tensors in distribution_fn order to use to parameterize other ("downstream") distribution makers. Default value: None (i.e., draw a sample from each distribution).
name	name prepended to ops created by this function. Default value: "sample_distributions".
**kwargs	This is an alternative to passing a value, and achieves the same effect. Named arguments will be used to parameterize other dependent ("downstream") distribution-making functions. If a value argument is also provided, raises a ValueError.

Returns
distributions	a tuple of Distribution instances for each of distribution_fn.
samples	a tuple of Tensors with prepended dimensions sample_shape for each of distribution_fn.

stddev

View source

stddev(
    name='stddev', **kwargs
)

Standard deviation.

Standard deviation is defined as,

stddev = E[(X - E[X])**2]**0.5

where X is the random variable associated with this distribution, E denotes expectation, and stddev.shape = batch_shape + event_shape.

Args
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
stddev	Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to batch_shape + event_shape, i.e., the same shape as self.mean().

survival_function

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survival_function(
    value, name='survival_function', **kwargs
)

Survival function.

Given random variable X, the survival function is defined:

survival_function(x) = P[X > x]
                     = 1 - P[X <= x]
                     = 1 - cdf(x).

Args
value	float or double Tensor.
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

unnormalized_log_prob

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unnormalized_log_prob(
    *args, **kwargs
)

Unnormalized log probability density/mass function.

The measure methods of JointDistribution (log_prob, prob, etc.) can be called either by passing a single structure of tensors or by using named args for each part of the joint distribution state. For example,

jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([
    tfd.Normal(0., 1.),
    lambda z: tfd.Normal(z, 1.)
], validate_args=True)
jd.dtype
# ==> [tf.float32, tf.float32]
z, x = sample = jd.sample()
# The following calling styles are all permissable and produce the exactly
# the same output.
assert (jd.unnormalized_log_prob(sample) ==
        jd.unnormalized_log_prob(value=sample) ==
        jd.unnormalized_log_prob(z, x) ==
        jd.unnormalized_log_prob(z=z, x=x) ==
        jd.unnormalized_log_prob(z, x=x))

# These calling possibilities also imply that one can also use `*`
# expansion, if `sample` is a sequence:
jd.unnormalized_log_prob(*sample)
# and similarly, if `sample` is a map, one can use `**` expansion:
jd.unnormalized_log_prob(**sample)

JointDistribution component distributions names are resolved via jd._flat_resolve_names(), which is implemented by each JointDistribution subclass (see subclass documentation for details). Generally, for components where a name was provided--- either explicitly as the name argument to a distribution or as a key in a dict-valued JointDistribution, or implicitly, e.g., by the argument name of a JointDistributionSequential distribution-making function---the provided name will be used. Otherwise the component will receive a dummy name; these may change without warning and should not be relied upon.

trivial_jd = tfd.JointDistributionSequential([tfd.Exponential(1.)])
trivial_jd.dtype  # => [tf.float32]
trivial_jd.unnormalized_log_prob([4.])
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.
lp = trivial_jd.unnormalized_log_prob(4.)
# ==> Tensor with shape `[]`.

Notice that in the first call, [4.] is interpreted as a list of one scalar while in the second call the input is a scalar. Hence both inputs result in identical scalar outputs. If we wanted to pass an explicit vector to the Exponential component---creating a vector-shaped batch of unnormalized_log_probs---we could instead write trivial_jd.unnormalized_log_prob(np.array([4])).

Args
*args	Positional arguments: a value structure or component values (see above).
**kwargs	Keyword arguments: a value structure or component values (see above). May also include name, specifying a Python string name for ops generated by this method.

Returns
log_prob	a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype.

variance

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variance(
    name='variance', **kwargs
)

Variance.

Variance is defined as,

Var = E[(X - E[X])**2]

where X is the random variable associated with this distribution, E denotes expectation, and Var.shape = batch_shape + event_shape.

Args
name	Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
**kwargs	Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation.

Returns
variance	Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to batch_shape + event_shape, i.e., the same shape as self.mean().

__getitem__

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__getitem__(
    slices
)

Slices the batch axes of this distribution, returning a new instance.

b = tfd.Bernoulli(logits=tf.zeros([3, 5, 7, 9]))
b.batch_shape  # => [3, 5, 7, 9]
b2 = b[:, tf.newaxis, ..., -2:, 1::2]
b2.batch_shape  # => [3, 1, 5, 2, 4]

x = tf.random.stateless_normal([5, 3, 2, 2])
cov = tf.matmul(x, x, transpose_b=True)
chol = tf.linalg.cholesky(cov)
loc = tf.random.stateless_normal([4, 1, 3, 1])
mvn = tfd.MultivariateNormalTriL(loc, chol)
mvn.batch_shape  # => [4, 5, 3]
mvn.event_shape  # => [2]
mvn2 = mvn[:, 3:, ..., ::-1, tf.newaxis]
mvn2.batch_shape  # => [4, 2, 3, 1]
mvn2.event_shape  # => [2]

Args
slices	slices from the [] operator

Returns
dist	A new tfd.Distribution instance with sliced parameters.

__iter__

View source

__iter__()