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StudentTProcessRegressionModel.
Inherits From: StudentTProcess
, AutoCompositeTensorDistribution
, Distribution
tfp.substrates.numpy.distributions.StudentTProcessRegressionModel(
df,
kernel,
index_points=None,
observation_index_points=None,
observations=None,
observation_noise_variance=0.0,
predictive_noise_variance=None,
mean_fn=None,
cholesky_fn=None,
marginal_fn=None,
always_yield_multivariate_student_t=None,
validate_args=False,
allow_nan_stats=False,
name='StudentTProcessRegressionModel',
_conditional_kernel=None,
_conditional_mean_fn=None
)
This is an analogue of the GaussianProcessRegressionModel, except we use a Student-T process here (i.e. this represents the posterior predictive of a Student-T process, where we assume that the kernel hyperparameters and degrees of freedom are constants, and hence do optimizations in the constructor).
Specifically, we assume a Student-T Process prior, f ~ StP(df, m, k)
along
with a noise model whose mathematical implementation is similar to a Gaussian
Process albeit whose interpretation is very different.
In particular, this noise model takes the following form:
e ~ MVT(df + n, 0, 1 + v / df * (1 + f^T k(t, t)^-1 f^T))
which can be interpreted as Multivariate T noise whose covariance depends on the data fit term.
Using the conventions in the GaussianProcessRegressionModel
class, we have
the posterior predictive distribution as:
(f(t) | t, x, f(x)) ~ MVT(df + n, loc, cov)
where
n is the number of observation points
b = (y - loc)^T @ inv(k(x, x) + v * I) @ (y - loc)
v = observation noise variance
loc = k(t, x) @ inv(k(x, x) + v * I) @ (y - loc)
cov = (df + b - 2) / (df + n - 2) * (
k(t, t) - k(t, x) @ inv(k(x, x) + v * I) @ k(x, t))
Note that the posterior predictive mean is the same as a Gaussian Process, but the covariance is multiplied by a term that takes in to account observations.
This distribution does precomputaiton in the constructor by assuming
observation_index_points
, observations
, kernel
and
observation_noise_variance
are fixed, and that mean_fn
is the zero
function. We do these precomputations in a non-tape safe way.
References
[1]: Amar Shah, Andrew Gordon Wilson, Zoubin Ghahramani. Student-t Processes as Alternatives to Gaussian Processes https://arxiv.org/abs/1402.4306
[2]: Qingtao Tang, Yisen Wang, Shu-Tao Xia Student-T Process Regression with Dependent Student-t Noise https://www.ijcai.org/proceedings/2017/393
Methods
batch_shape_tensor
batch_shape_tensor(
name='batch_shape_tensor'
)
Shape of a single sample from a single event index as a 1-D Tensor
.
The batch dimensions are indexes into independent, non-identical parameterizations of this distribution.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
name to give to the op |
Returns | |
---|---|
batch_shape
|
Tensor .
|
cdf
cdf(
value, name='cdf', **kwargs
)
Cumulative distribution function.
Given random variable X
, the cumulative distribution function cdf
is:
cdf(x) := P[X <= x]
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
cdf
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
copy
copy(
**override_parameters_kwargs
)
Creates a deep copy of the distribution.
Args | |
---|---|
**override_parameters_kwargs
|
String/value dictionary of initialization arguments to override with new values. |
Returns | |
---|---|
distribution
|
A new instance of type(self) initialized from the union
of self.parameters and override_parameters_kwargs, i.e.,
dict(self.parameters, **override_parameters_kwargs) .
|
covariance
covariance(
name='covariance', **kwargs
)
Covariance.
Covariance is (possibly) defined only for non-scalar-event distributions.
For example, for a length-k
, vector-valued distribution, it is calculated
as,
Cov[i, j] = Covariance(X_i, X_j) = E[(X_i - E[X_i]) (X_j - E[X_j])]
where Cov
is a (batch of) k x k
matrix, 0 <= (i, j) < k
, and E
denotes expectation.
Alternatively, for non-vector, multivariate distributions (e.g.,
matrix-valued, Wishart), Covariance
shall return a (batch of) matrices
under some vectorization of the events, i.e.,
Cov[i, j] = Covariance(Vec(X)_i, Vec(X)_j) = [as above]
where Cov
is a (batch of) k' x k'
matrices,
0 <= (i, j) < k' = reduce_prod(event_shape)
, and Vec
is some function
mapping indices of this distribution's event dimensions to indices of a
length-k'
vector.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
covariance
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn, k', k']
where the first n dimensions are batch coordinates and
k' = reduce_prod(self.event_shape) .
|
cross_entropy
cross_entropy(
other, name='cross_entropy'
)
Computes the (Shannon) cross entropy.
Denote this distribution (self
) by P
and the other
distribution by
Q
. Assuming P, Q
are absolutely continuous with respect to
one another and permit densities p(x) dr(x)
and q(x) dr(x)
, (Shannon)
cross entropy is defined as:
H[P, Q] = E_p[-log q(X)] = -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x)
where F
denotes the support of the random variable X ~ P
.
Args | |
---|---|
other
|
tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
cross_entropy
|
self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn]
representing n different calculations of (Shannon) cross entropy.
|
entropy
entropy(
name='entropy', **kwargs
)
Shannon entropy in nats.
event_shape_tensor
event_shape_tensor(
name='event_shape_tensor'
)
Shape of a single sample from a single batch as a 1-D int32 Tensor
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
name to give to the op |
Returns | |
---|---|
event_shape
|
Tensor .
|
experimental_default_event_space_bijector
experimental_default_event_space_bijector(
*args, **kwargs
)
Bijector mapping the reals (R**n) to the event space of the distribution.
Distributions with continuous support may implement
_default_event_space_bijector
which returns a subclass of
tfp.bijectors.Bijector
that maps R**n to the distribution's event space.
For example, the default bijector for the Beta
distribution
is tfp.bijectors.Sigmoid()
, which maps the real line to [0, 1]
, the
support of the Beta
distribution. The default bijector for the
CholeskyLKJ
distribution is tfp.bijectors.CorrelationCholesky
, which
maps R^(k * (k-1) // 2) to the submanifold of k x k lower triangular
matrices with ones along the diagonal.
The purpose of experimental_default_event_space_bijector
is
to enable gradient descent in an unconstrained space for Variational
Inference and Hamiltonian Monte Carlo methods. Some effort has been made to
choose bijectors such that the tails of the distribution in the
unconstrained space are between Gaussian and Exponential.
For distributions with discrete event space, or for which TFP currently
lacks a suitable bijector, this function returns None
.
Args | |
---|---|
*args
|
Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector .
|
**kwargs
|
Passed to implementation _default_event_space_bijector .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
event_space_bijector
|
Bijector instance or None .
|
experimental_fit
@classmethod
experimental_fit( value, sample_ndims=1, validate_args=False, **init_kwargs )
Instantiates a distribution that maximizes the likelihood of x
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
a Tensor valid sample from this distribution family.
|
sample_ndims
|
Positive int Tensor number of leftmost dimensions of
value that index i.i.d. samples.
Default value: 1 .
|
validate_args
|
Python bool , default False . When True , distribution
parameters are checked for validity despite possibly degrading runtime
performance. When False , invalid inputs may silently render incorrect
outputs.
Default value: False .
|
**init_kwargs
|
Additional keyword arguments passed through to
cls.__init__ . These take precedence in case of collision with the
fitted parameters; for example,
tfd.Normal.experimental_fit([1., 1.], scale=20.) returns a Normal
distribution with scale=20. rather than the maximum likelihood
parameter scale=0. .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
maximum_likelihood_instance
|
instance of cls with parameters that
maximize the likelihood of value .
|
experimental_local_measure
experimental_local_measure(
value, backward_compat=False, **kwargs
)
Returns a log probability density together with a TangentSpace
.
A TangentSpace
allows us to calculate the correct push-forward
density when we apply a transformation to a Distribution
on
a strict submanifold of R^n (typically via a Bijector
in the
TransformedDistribution
subclass). The density correction uses
the basis of the tangent space.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
backward_compat
|
bool specifying whether to fall back to returning
FullSpace as the tangent space, and representing R^n with the standard
basis.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
log_prob
|
a Tensor representing the log probability density, of shape
sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype .
|
tangent_space
|
a TangentSpace object (by default FullSpace )
representing the tangent space to the manifold at value .
|
Raises | |
---|---|
UnspecifiedTangentSpaceError if backward_compat is False and
the _experimental_tangent_space attribute has not been defined.
|
experimental_sample_and_log_prob
experimental_sample_and_log_prob(
sample_shape=(), seed=None, name='sample_and_log_prob', **kwargs
)
Samples from this distribution and returns the log density of the sample.
The default implementation simply calls sample
and log_prob
:
def _sample_and_log_prob(self, sample_shape, seed, **kwargs):
x = self.sample(sample_shape=sample_shape, seed=seed, **kwargs)
return x, self.log_prob(x, **kwargs)
However, some subclasses may provide more efficient and/or numerically stable implementations.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
integer Tensor desired shape of samples to draw.
Default value: () .
|
seed
|
PRNG seed; see tfp.random.sanitize_seed for details.
Default value: None .
|
name
|
name to give to the op.
Default value: 'sample_and_log_prob' .
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
samples
|
a Tensor , or structure of Tensor s, with prepended dimensions
sample_shape .
|
log_prob
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
get_marginal_distribution
get_marginal_distribution(
index_points=None
)
Compute the marginal over function values at index_points
.
Args | |
---|---|
index_points
|
float (nested) Tensor representing finite (batch of)
vector(s) of points in the index set over which the STP is defined.
Shape (or the shape of each nested component) has the form
[b1, ..., bB, e, f1, ..., fF] where F is the number of feature
dimensions and must equal kernel.feature_ndims (or its corresponding
nested component) and e is the number (size) of index points in each
batch. Ultimately this distribution corresponds to a e -dimensional
multivariate student t. The batch shape must be broadcastable with
kernel.batch_shape and any batch dims yielded by mean_fn .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
marginal
|
a Student T distribution with vector event shape. |
is_scalar_batch
is_scalar_batch(
name='is_scalar_batch'
)
Indicates that batch_shape == []
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
is_scalar_batch
|
bool scalar Tensor .
|
is_scalar_event
is_scalar_event(
name='is_scalar_event'
)
Indicates that event_shape == []
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
is_scalar_event
|
bool scalar Tensor .
|
kl_divergence
kl_divergence(
other, name='kl_divergence'
)
Computes the Kullback--Leibler divergence.
Denote this distribution (self
) by p
and the other
distribution by
q
. Assuming p, q
are absolutely continuous with respect to reference
measure r
, the KL divergence is defined as:
KL[p, q] = E_p[log(p(X)/q(X))]
= -int_F p(x) log q(x) dr(x) + int_F p(x) log p(x) dr(x)
= H[p, q] - H[p]
where F
denotes the support of the random variable X ~ p
, H[., .]
denotes (Shannon) cross entropy, and H[.]
denotes (Shannon) entropy.
Args | |
---|---|
other
|
tfp.distributions.Distribution instance.
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
kl_divergence
|
self.dtype Tensor with shape [B1, ..., Bn]
representing n different calculations of the Kullback-Leibler
divergence.
|
log_cdf
log_cdf(
value, name='log_cdf', **kwargs
)
Log cumulative distribution function.
Given random variable X
, the cumulative distribution function cdf
is:
log_cdf(x) := Log[ P[X <= x] ]
Often, a numerical approximation can be used for log_cdf(x)
that yields
a more accurate answer than simply taking the logarithm of the cdf
when
x << -1
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
logcdf
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
log_prob
log_prob(
value, name='log_prob', **kwargs
)
Log probability density/mass function.
Additional documentation from StudentTProcess
:
kwargs
:
index_points
: optionalfloat
Tensor
representing a finite (batch of) of points in the index set over which this STP is defined. The shape (or shape of each nested component) has the form[b1, ..., bB, e,f1, ..., fF]
whereF
is the number of feature dimensions and must equalself.kernel.feature_ndims
(or its corresponding nested component) ande
is the number of index points in each batch. Ultimately, this distribution corresponds to ane
-dimensional multivariate Student T. The batch shape must be broadcastable withkernel.batch_shape
and any batch dims yieldedbymean_fn
. If not specified,self.index_points
is used. Default value:None
.is_missing
: optionalbool
Tensor
of shape[..., e]
, wheree
is the number of index points in each batch. Represents a batch of Boolean masks. Whenis_missing
is notNone
, the returned log-prob is for the marginal distribution, in which all dimensions for whichis_missing
isTrue
have been marginalized out. The batch dimensions ofis_missing
must broadcast with the sample and batch dimensions ofvalue
and of thisDistribution
. Default value:None
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
log_prob
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
log_survival_function
log_survival_function(
value, name='log_survival_function', **kwargs
)
Log survival function.
Given random variable X
, the survival function is defined:
log_survival_function(x) = Log[ P[X > x] ]
= Log[ 1 - P[X <= x] ]
= Log[ 1 - cdf(x) ]
Typically, different numerical approximations can be used for the log
survival function, which are more accurate than 1 - cdf(x)
when x >> 1
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type
self.dtype .
|
mean
mean(
name='mean', **kwargs
)
Mean.
mode
mode(
name='mode', **kwargs
)
Mode.
param_shapes
@classmethod
param_shapes( sample_shape, name='DistributionParamShapes' )
Shapes of parameters given the desired shape of a call to sample()
.
This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required
to instantiate the given Distribution
so that a particular shape is
returned for that instance's call to sample()
.
Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes
.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
Tensor or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call to
sample() .
|
name
|
name to prepend ops with. |
Returns | |
---|---|
dict of parameter name to Tensor shapes.
|
param_static_shapes
@classmethod
param_static_shapes( sample_shape )
param_shapes with static (i.e. TensorShape
) shapes.
This is a class method that describes what key/value arguments are required
to instantiate the given Distribution
so that a particular shape is
returned for that instance's call to sample()
. Assumes that the sample's
shape is known statically.
Subclasses should override class method _param_shapes
to return
constant-valued tensors when constant values are fed.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
TensorShape or python list/tuple. Desired shape of a call
to sample() .
|
Returns | |
---|---|
dict of parameter name to TensorShape .
|
Raises | |
---|---|
ValueError
|
if sample_shape is a TensorShape and is not fully defined.
|
parameter_properties
@classmethod
parameter_properties( dtype=tf.float32, num_classes=None )
Returns a dict mapping constructor arg names to property annotations.
This dict should include an entry for each of the distribution's
Tensor
-valued constructor arguments.
Distribution subclasses are not required to implement
_parameter_properties
, so this method may raise NotImplementedError
.
Providing a _parameter_properties
implementation enables several advanced
features, including:
- Distribution batch slicing (
sliced_distribution = distribution[i:j]
). - Automatic inference of
_batch_shape
and_batch_shape_tensor
, which must otherwise be computed explicitly. - Automatic instantiation of the distribution within TFP's internal property tests.
- Automatic construction of 'trainable' instances of the distribution using appropriate bijectors to avoid violating parameter constraints. This enables the distribution family to be used easily as a surrogate posterior in variational inference.
In the future, parameter property annotations may enable additional
functionality; for example, returning Distribution instances from
tf.vectorized_map
.
Args | |
---|---|
dtype
|
Optional float dtype to assume for continuous-valued parameters.
Some constraining bijectors require advance knowledge of the dtype
because certain constants (e.g., tfb.Softplus.low ) must be
instantiated with the same dtype as the values to be transformed.
|
num_classes
|
Optional int Tensor number of classes to assume when
inferring the shape of parameters for categorical-like distributions.
Otherwise ignored.
|
Returns | |
---|---|
parameter_properties
|
A
str -> tfp.python.internal.parameter_properties.ParameterPropertiesdict mapping constructor argument names to ParameterProperties`
instances.
|
Raises | |
---|---|
NotImplementedError
|
if the distribution class does not implement
_parameter_properties .
|
posterior_predictive
posterior_predictive(
observations, predictive_index_points=None, **kwargs
)
Return the posterior predictive distribution associated with this distribution.
Returns the posterior predictive distribution p(Y' | X, Y, X')
where:
X'
ispredictive_index_points
X
isself.index_points
.Y
isobservations
.
This is equivalent to using the
StudentTProcessRegressionModel.precompute_regression_model
method.
Args | |
---|---|
observations
|
float Tensor representing collection, or batch of
collections, of observations corresponding to
self.index_points . Shape has the form [b1, ..., bB, e] , which
must be broadcastable with the batch and example shapes of
self.index_points . The batch shape [b1, ..., bB] must be
broadcastable with the shapes of all other batched parameters
|
predictive_index_points
|
float (nested) Tensor representing finite
collection, or batch of collections, of points in the index set over
which the TP is defined. Shape (or shape of each nested component) has
the form [b1, ..., bB, e, f1, ..., fF] where F is the number of
feature dimensions and must equal kernel.feature_ndims (or its
corresponding nested component) and e is the number (size) of
predictive index points in each batch. The batch shape must be
broadcastable with this distributions batch_shape .
Default value: None .
|
**kwargs
|
Any other keyword arguments to pass / override. |
Returns | |
---|---|
stprm
|
An instance of Distribution that represents the posterior
predictive.
|
precompute_regression_model
@staticmethod
precompute_regression_model( df, kernel, observation_index_points, observations, observations_is_missing=None, index_points=None, observation_noise_variance=0.0, predictive_noise_variance=None, mean_fn=None, cholesky_fn=None, always_yield_multivariate_student_t=None, validate_args=False, allow_nan_stats=False, name='PrecomputedStudentTProcessRegressionModel', _precomputed_divisor_matrix_cholesky=None, _precomputed_solve_on_observation=None )
Returns a StudentTProcessRegressionModel with precomputed quantities.
This differs from the constructor by precomputing quantities associated with
observations in a non-tape safe way. index_points
is the only parameter
that is allowed to vary (i.e. is a Variable
/ changes after
initialization).
Specifically:
- We make
observation_index_points
andobservations
mandatory parameters. - We precompute
kernel(observation_index_points, observation_index_points)
along with any other associated quantities relating todf
,kernel
,observations
andobservation_index_points
.
A typical usecase would be optimizing kernel hyperparameters for a
StudenTProcess
, and computing the posterior predictive with respect to
those optimized hyperparameters and observation / index-points pairs.
Args | |
---|---|
df
|
Positive Floating-point Tensor representing the degrees of freedom.
Must be greather than 2.
|
kernel
|
PositiveSemidefiniteKernel -like instance representing the
StP's covariance function.
|
observation_index_points
|
(Nested) float Tensor representing finite
collection, or batch of collections, of points in the index set for
which some data has been observed. Shape (or shape of each nested
component) has the form [b1, ..., bB, e, f1, ..., fF] where F is
the number of feature dimensions and must equal
kernel.feature_ndims (or its corresponding nested component), and
e is the number (size) of index points in each batch. [b1, ...,
bB, e] must be broadcastable with the shape of observations , and
[b1, ..., bB] must be broadcastable with the shapes of all other
batched parameters (kernel.batch_shape , index_points , etc). The
default value is None , which corresponds to the empty set of
observations, and simply results in the prior predictive model (a StP
with noise of variance predictive_noise_variance ).
|
observations
|
float Tensor representing collection, or batch of
collections, of observations corresponding to
observation_index_points . Shape has the form [b1, ..., bB, e] , which
must be brodcastable with the batch and example shapes of
observation_index_points . The batch shape [b1, ..., bB] must be
broadcastable with the shapes of all other batched parameters
(kernel.batch_shape , index_points , etc.). The default value is
None , which corresponds to the empty set of observations, and simply
results in the prior predictive model (a StP with noise of variance
predictive_noise_variance ).
|
observations_is_missing
|
bool Tensor of shape [..., e] ,
representing a batch of boolean masks. When observations_is_missing
is not None , the returned distribution is conditioned only on the
observations for which the corresponding elements of
observations_is_missing are True .
|
index_points
|
(Nested) float Tensor representing finite collection, or
batch of collections, of points in the index set over which the StP is
defined. Shape (or shape of each nested component) has the form
[b1, ..., bB, e, f1, ..., fF] where F is the number of feature
dimensions and must equal kernel.feature_ndims (or its corresponding
nested component) and e is the number (size) of index points in each
batch. Ultimately this distribution corresponds to an e -dimensional
multivariate Student T. The batch shape must be broadcastable with
kernel.batch_shape and any batch dims yielded by mean_fn .
|
observation_noise_variance
|
float Tensor representing the variance
of the noise in the Normal likelihood distribution of the model. May be
batched, in which case the batch shape must be broadcastable with the
shapes of all other batched parameters (kernel.batch_shape ,
index_points , etc.).
Default value: 0.
|
predictive_noise_variance
|
float Tensor representing the variance in
the posterior predictive model. If None , we simply re-use
observation_noise_variance for the posterior predictive noise. If set
explicitly, however, we use this value. This allows us, for example, to
omit predictive noise variance (by setting this to zero) to obtain
noiseless posterior predictions of function values, conditioned on noisy
observations.
|
mean_fn
|
Python callable that acts on index_points to produce a
collection, or batch of collections, of mean values at index_points .
Takes a (nested) Tensor of shape [b1, ..., bB, e, f1, ..., fF] and
returns a Tensor whose shape is broadcastable with [b1, ..., bB, e] .
Default value: None implies the constant zero function.
|
cholesky_fn
|
Callable which takes a single (batch) matrix argument and
returns a Cholesky-like lower triangular factor. Default value: None ,
in which case make_cholesky_with_jitter_fn is used with the jitter
parameter.
|
always_yield_multivariate_student_t
|
Deprecated and ignored. |
validate_args
|
Python bool , default False . When True distribution
parameters are checked for validity despite possibly degrading runtime
performance. When False invalid inputs may silently render incorrect
outputs.
Default value: False .
|
allow_nan_stats
|
Python bool , default True . When True ,
statistics (e.g., mean, mode, variance) use the value NaN to
indicate the result is undefined. When False , an exception is raised
if one or more of the statistic's batch members are undefined.
Default value: False .
|
name
|
Python str name prefixed to Ops created by this class.
Default value: 'PrecomputedStudentTProcessRegressionModel'.
|
_precomputed_divisor_matrix_cholesky
|
Internal parameter -- do not use. |
_precomputed_solve_on_observation
|
Internal parameter -- do not use. |
Returns
An instance of StudentTProcessRegressionModel
with precomputed
quantities associated with observations.
prob
prob(
value, name='prob', **kwargs
)
Probability density/mass function.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
prob
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
quantile
quantile(
value, name='quantile', **kwargs
)
Quantile function. Aka 'inverse cdf' or 'percent point function'.
Given random variable X
and p in [0, 1]
, the quantile
is:
quantile(p) := x such that P[X <= x] == p
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
quantile
|
a Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with
values of type self.dtype .
|
sample
sample(
sample_shape=(), seed=None, name='sample', **kwargs
)
Generate samples of the specified shape.
Note that a call to sample()
without arguments will generate a single
sample.
Args | |
---|---|
sample_shape
|
0D or 1D int32 Tensor . Shape of the generated samples.
|
seed
|
PRNG seed; see tfp.random.sanitize_seed for details.
|
name
|
name to give to the op. |
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
samples
|
a Tensor with prepended dimensions sample_shape .
|
stddev
stddev(
name='stddev', **kwargs
)
Standard deviation.
Standard deviation is defined as,
stddev = E[(X - E[X])**2]**0.5
where X
is the random variable associated with this distribution, E
denotes expectation, and stddev.shape = batch_shape + event_shape
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
stddev
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to
batch_shape + event_shape , i.e., the same shape as self.mean() .
|
survival_function
survival_function(
value, name='survival_function', **kwargs
)
Survival function.
Given random variable X
, the survival function is defined:
survival_function(x) = P[X > x]
= 1 - P[X <= x]
= 1 - cdf(x).
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
Tensor of shape sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type
self.dtype .
|
unnormalized_log_prob
unnormalized_log_prob(
value, name='unnormalized_log_prob', **kwargs
)
Potentially unnormalized log probability density/mass function.
This function is similar to log_prob
, but does not require that the
return value be normalized. (Normalization here refers to the total
integral of probability being one, as it should be by definition for any
probability distribution.) This is useful, for example, for distributions
where the normalization constant is difficult or expensive to compute. By
default, this simply calls log_prob
.
Args | |
---|---|
value
|
float or double Tensor .
|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
unnormalized_log_prob
|
a Tensor of shape
sample_shape(x) + self.batch_shape with values of type self.dtype .
|
variance
variance(
name='variance', **kwargs
)
Variance.
Variance is defined as,
Var = E[(X - E[X])**2]
where X
is the random variable associated with this distribution, E
denotes expectation, and Var.shape = batch_shape + event_shape
.
Args | |
---|---|
name
|
Python str prepended to names of ops created by this function.
|
**kwargs
|
Named arguments forwarded to subclass implementation. |
Returns | |
---|---|
variance
|
Floating-point Tensor with shape identical to
batch_shape + event_shape , i.e., the same shape as self.mean() .
|
__getitem__
__getitem__(
slices
)
Slices the batch axes of this distribution, returning a new instance.
b = tfd.Bernoulli(logits=tf.zeros([3, 5, 7, 9]))
b.batch_shape # => [3, 5, 7, 9]
b2 = b[:, tf.newaxis, ..., -2:, 1::2]
b2.batch_shape # => [3, 1, 5, 2, 4]
x = tf.random.stateless_normal([5, 3, 2, 2])
cov = tf.matmul(x, x, transpose_b=True)
chol = tf.linalg.cholesky(cov)
loc = tf.random.stateless_normal([4, 1, 3, 1])
mvn = tfd.MultivariateNormalTriL(loc, chol)
mvn.batch_shape # => [4, 5, 3]
mvn.event_shape # => [2]
mvn2 = mvn[:, 3:, ..., ::-1, tf.newaxis]
mvn2.batch_shape # => [4, 2, 3, 1]
mvn2.event_shape # => [2]
Args | |
---|---|
slices
|
slices from the [] operator |
Returns | |
---|---|
dist
|
A new tfd.Distribution instance with sliced parameters.
|
__iter__
__iter__()